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Pesquisa de helicobacter spp. em felinos
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Esta dissertação resultou da realização de um estágio curricular de seis meses no Hospital
Veterinário de São Bento. Temas como Gastroenterologia e Microbiologia estavam
presentes diariamente no trabalho de clínica. A gastrite pode ocorrer como processo agudo
ou crónico. Uma das principais formas de gastrite crónica é a linfoplasmocítica, na qual se
incluem diversas etiologias, nomeadamente bactérias como Helicobacter spp. O
Helicobacter pylori é conhecido extensamente no mundo de Medicina Humana, uma vez
que, desde a sua descoberta, foi associado a gastrites severas, ulceração gastroduodenal e
neoplasias gástricas. Uma das lesões mais características provocadas por Helicobacter
pylori é a gastrite atrófica, associada em elevado grau a neoplasia gástrica. Esta bactéria já
foi identificada em gatos, provocando também doença. Existem outras espécies de bactérias
do género Helicobacter infectantes do estômago de gatos e de cães, como Helicobacter
felis, Helicobacter bizzozeronii, Helicobacter salomonis e Helicobacter heilmannii, numa
prevalência de cerca de 90 a 100 % e 67 a 100 %, respectivamente. Porém a sua
associação a patologia gástrica é controversa, surgindo lesões histológicas apenas em
alguns casos. Tal como em humanos, é comum a formação de folículos linfóides. Os meios
de diagnóstico de infecção por H. pylori em humanos têm evoluído, no entanto a análise
histopatológica continua a ser um dos métodos mais fiáveis, que dá também acesso a
informação sobre lesão gástrica. O tratamento utilizado inclui normalmente antibioterapia
combinada tripla, sendo eficaz na redução de lesões histopatológicas, mas na maioria dos
casos não erradica eficazmente o microrganismo.
Ao longo do estágio foi desenvolvido um estudo que incluía a realização do estudo
macroscópico do estômago de gatos escolhidos de modo aleatório, citologia da mucosa
gástrica, teste rápido de urease e análise histopatológica das amostras de biopsia em
colaboração com o laboratório de Anatomia Patológica da Faculdade de Medicina
Veterinária. Em onze gatos foi revelada uma prevalência nula de microrganismos e foram
encontrados cinco casos de gastrite crónica atrófica fúndica, com lesões de hiperplasia
folicular em dois deles e focos esporádicos linfóides nos outros três. No entanto alguns dos
animais tiveram reacção positiva ao teste de urease, entre os quais dois também tinham
lesões de gastrite atrófica. Estes achados histopatológicos são importantes, uma vez que
são compatíveis com a teoria de que estes animais domésticos podem ser um bom modelo
de estudo para as gastrites humanas ou mesmo potenciais reservatórios de microrganismos
tipo Helicobacter spp., que infectam humanos.
ABSTRACT - Helicobacter spp. Detection in Felines - This dissertation results of a six month traineeship in Hospital Veterinário de São Bento. Clinical gastroenterology and microbiology presentions in felines are a common problem in Veterinary Medicine. Particulary, gastritis can be present in its acute or chronic form. One of the most common forms of chronic gastritis is lymphoplasmacytic, where several aetiology agents can be involved, namely Helicobacter spp. bacteria. Helicobacter pylori is a well studied bacteria in Human Medicine, since it has been associated with different gastric lesions, such as severe gastritis, gastroduodenal ulceration and gastric cancer. Atrophic gastritis is related as a common feature in H. pylori infection, showing a strong relation with the onset of gastric cancer. H. pylori was also identified in stomach cats and relationed with gastric disease. Other non H. pylori-Helicobacter are known to infect cat and dog, namely Helicobacter felis, Helicobacter bizzozeronii, Helicobacter salomonis e “Helicobacter heilmannii”, being their prevalence 90 to 100 % and 67 to 100 %, respectively. Nevertheless, its relationship with gastric pathology is not well clarified and histopathogical lesions appear only in few subjects. As in humans, the appearance of lymphoid follicles was a common found. Diagnostic tests for detection of H. pylori have evoluted, but histopathological analysis is still the “golden standart” to determine the presence of the bacteria and to identify lesions in gastric mucosa. Therapeutic protocols are composed by a combination of three antibiotics, leading to the clearance of gastric mucosa lesions, but not to the complete eradication of the bacteria. In the present work a trial was made for detection of Helicobacter spp. in eleven cats, chosen randomly. The methods chosen were: macroscopic evaluation of the gastric mucosa, urease test, brush cytology and histopathological analysis, in collaboration with the Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária. The tests revealed a 0 % prevalence of microorganisms and atrophic gastritis in five cats, lesions of follicular hyperplasia in two of them and lymphoid follicles in three subjects. Nevertheless, some cats had positive reactions to urease test, two of which had also atrophic gastritis. These findings contribute to the idea that cats can represent a good model disease of human gastritis and be potentials reservatories for Helicobacter spp.
ABSTRACT - Helicobacter spp. Detection in Felines - This dissertation results of a six month traineeship in Hospital Veterinário de São Bento. Clinical gastroenterology and microbiology presentions in felines are a common problem in Veterinary Medicine. Particulary, gastritis can be present in its acute or chronic form. One of the most common forms of chronic gastritis is lymphoplasmacytic, where several aetiology agents can be involved, namely Helicobacter spp. bacteria. Helicobacter pylori is a well studied bacteria in Human Medicine, since it has been associated with different gastric lesions, such as severe gastritis, gastroduodenal ulceration and gastric cancer. Atrophic gastritis is related as a common feature in H. pylori infection, showing a strong relation with the onset of gastric cancer. H. pylori was also identified in stomach cats and relationed with gastric disease. Other non H. pylori-Helicobacter are known to infect cat and dog, namely Helicobacter felis, Helicobacter bizzozeronii, Helicobacter salomonis e “Helicobacter heilmannii”, being their prevalence 90 to 100 % and 67 to 100 %, respectively. Nevertheless, its relationship with gastric pathology is not well clarified and histopathogical lesions appear only in few subjects. As in humans, the appearance of lymphoid follicles was a common found. Diagnostic tests for detection of H. pylori have evoluted, but histopathological analysis is still the “golden standart” to determine the presence of the bacteria and to identify lesions in gastric mucosa. Therapeutic protocols are composed by a combination of three antibiotics, leading to the clearance of gastric mucosa lesions, but not to the complete eradication of the bacteria. In the present work a trial was made for detection of Helicobacter spp. in eleven cats, chosen randomly. The methods chosen were: macroscopic evaluation of the gastric mucosa, urease test, brush cytology and histopathological analysis, in collaboration with the Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária. The tests revealed a 0 % prevalence of microorganisms and atrophic gastritis in five cats, lesions of follicular hyperplasia in two of them and lymphoid follicles in three subjects. Nevertheless, some cats had positive reactions to urease test, two of which had also atrophic gastritis. These findings contribute to the idea that cats can represent a good model disease of human gastritis and be potentials reservatories for Helicobacter spp.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Helicobacter spp. Gastrite atrófica Neoplasia gástrica Gatos Atrophic gastritis Gastric cancer Cat
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Duarte, A.R.R. (2009). Pesquisa de helicobacter spp. em felinos. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Lisboa
Editora
Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária