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Pare, olhe, pense : a apropriação de elementos gráficos pelas artes visuais durante a ditadura militar no Brasil : uma proposta de categorização sistêmica
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During the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985), several visual artists made use of graphic elements in their works as a tool to speak out against the regime and denounce situations of violence. This thesis aims to observe how this appropriation happened in order to propose a system of reading and categorization of these works. To this end, a bibliographic and documentary survey of the social, political, economic and cultural scenario of the country was based on the understanding of the universe in which these works were built. The analysis of the artist’s forms of communication was based on 185 works, identified through researches in public and private collections, museums, institutions, catalogs and specialized websites, which proved to be a great challenge due to the precariousness of the available records at the time. After this analysis, the works were catalogued taking into account the way in which the appropriate graphic materials were used, their means of production and their circulation. Contemporaries of international Pop Art, where the use of analogous graphic elements was also verified, it was found that Brazilian artists approached the movement through aesthetic language, but differed on the themes that were used. In addition, the Brazilian works show traces of the heritage of the concrete movement that had a strong presence in the country. This thesis, therefore, inaugurates the study of the works of this period through the appropriation of graphic elements as a sign of communication, and opens space for interdisciplinary studies, especially in the field of the arts and communication. In addition, it contributes to the registry of the history of a period that tends to be systematically erased from the country’s memory.
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Design gráfico Artes visuais Ditadura militar - Brasil Apropriação (Imagens) Categorização sistêmica Design de comunicação Semiótica e arte Cultura - Brasil Repressão política História do Brasil - 1964-1985