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Apoio social percebido e stress profissional numa amostra de trabalhadores imigrantes em Portugal
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A imigração é atualmente um fenómeno mundial, consequência, em parte, da globalização que tem transcendido diversas fronteiras físicas e culturais (Greeff & Holtzkamp, 2007). Factualmente, portugueses continuam a sair para trabalhar noutros países, assim como estrangeiros entram em Portugal com o mesmo objetivo. Ocorrendo os dois fluxos simultaneidade, estando Portugal num Regime Misto (Peixoto, 2004).
A adaptação no país receptor torna-se mais adequada quando a rede social perdida durante a migração é refeita, ou pelo menos parte dela (Sluzki, 1992). Estudos referem-se ao Apoio Social como um fator facilitador da adaptação, uma vez possuir impacto no stress, embora não seja um fator suficiente para suprimir os seus efeitos (Cobb, 1976; citado por Monteiro, 2008).
Tendo em consideração os altos custos associados ao stress nas organizações e ao facto do Apoio Social Percebido ser considerado, mais que o Apoio Social Recebido, optimizador da saúde psicológica, a presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a relação do Apoio Social Percebido e o Stress Profissional no trabalhador imigrante. Para tal utilizou-se a Escala de Provisões Sociais (Moreira, 1996) e o Inventário sobre Stresse Profissional (Spielberger & Vagg, 1999), nomeadamente as escalas de severidade e frequência, numa amostra de 52 trabalhadores imigrantes.
Através de análises estatísticas, observou-se que quando a percepção do Apoio Social diminui, a frequência de acontecimentos considerados stressantes aumenta, o que não ocorre relativamente à severidade do stress profissional, ou seja, não há uma relação significativa do Apoio Social Percebido e o facto de o ser considerado (do ponto de vista da severidade) um acontecimento de trabalho potencialmente causadores de stress.
Presently the immigration is a worldwide phenomenon, a consequence in part due to the globalization, which has been exceeding several physical and cultural barriers (Greeff & Holtzkamp, 2007). The fact is the Portuguese continue to leave Portugal to work in other countries, as do foreigners come to Portugal with the same purpose. These 2 fluxes occur simultaneity therefor Portugal is in a mixed regime (Peixoto, 2004). The adjustment to the receiving country is adequate when the social network that was last during the migration is rebuilt or at least part of it (Sluzki, 1992). Studies refer to Social Support as a facilitator factor for this adjustment, due to its impact on reducing stress, though not an enough factor to suppress it’s effects (Cobb, 1976; quoted by Monteiro, 2008). Seeing the high costs associated to stress in the organizations and the fact that the Perceived Social Support is considered, more than the Received Social Support, an optimizer of the psychological health, this current paper is aimed to analyze the connection between the Perceived Social Support and the Professional Stress on the working immigrant. For that the Social Provision Scale (Moreira, 1996) and the Professional Stress Inventory (Spielberger & Vagg, 1999) was used, namely the severity and the frequency scale. Evaluating the statistics, when there is a reduction of the perception of Social Support, the frequency of the considered stressful events increase, which does not happen regarding the Professional Stress of severity, in other words, there is no significant connection between the Perceived Social Support and the fact that it is considered (from the point of view of severity) a working event potentially triggered by stress.
Presently the immigration is a worldwide phenomenon, a consequence in part due to the globalization, which has been exceeding several physical and cultural barriers (Greeff & Holtzkamp, 2007). The fact is the Portuguese continue to leave Portugal to work in other countries, as do foreigners come to Portugal with the same purpose. These 2 fluxes occur simultaneity therefor Portugal is in a mixed regime (Peixoto, 2004). The adjustment to the receiving country is adequate when the social network that was last during the migration is rebuilt or at least part of it (Sluzki, 1992). Studies refer to Social Support as a facilitator factor for this adjustment, due to its impact on reducing stress, though not an enough factor to suppress it’s effects (Cobb, 1976; quoted by Monteiro, 2008). Seeing the high costs associated to stress in the organizations and the fact that the Perceived Social Support is considered, more than the Received Social Support, an optimizer of the psychological health, this current paper is aimed to analyze the connection between the Perceived Social Support and the Professional Stress on the working immigrant. For that the Social Provision Scale (Moreira, 1996) and the Professional Stress Inventory (Spielberger & Vagg, 1999) was used, namely the severity and the frequency scale. Evaluating the statistics, when there is a reduction of the perception of Social Support, the frequency of the considered stressful events increase, which does not happen regarding the Professional Stress of severity, in other words, there is no significant connection between the Perceived Social Support and the fact that it is considered (from the point of view of severity) a working event potentially triggered by stress.
Descrição
Tese de Mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia dos Recursos Humanos, do Trabalho e das Organizações), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2014
Palavras-chave
Trabalhador imigrante Stress profissional Apoio social Teses de mestrado - 2014