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Efeito da paridade na produtividade dos leitões até ao desmame
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Resumo(s)
Existem diversos fatores que poderão influenciar o tamanho da ninhada, o peso médio dos
leitões ao nascimento e, posteriormente, o número de leitões desmamados/porca e o peso
médio dos leitões ao desmame. Um desses fatores é a paridade.
Com o intuito de avaliar a influência da paridade na produtividade dos leitões até ao
desmame foi analisado o desempenho reprodutivo de 45 porcas F1 (LW x LR). Foram
registados para cada porca o número de nados totais (NT), nados vivos (NV) e nados
mortos (NM). Os leitões nascidos vivos foram pesados individualmente às 24 horas após o
nascimento, totalizando 600 leitões. Posteriormente, foi registado o número de leitões
desmamados/porca e o respetivo peso individual dos leitões ao desmame (desmame
comercial de 28 dias). Para efeitos de análise estatística, as porcas foram divididas em 4
grupos de diferentes paridades, respetivamente: 3ª-4ª gestação, 5ª-6ª gestação, 7ª-8ª
gestação e 9ª-10ª gestações.
Os resultados não mostraram diferenças na prolificidade das porcas, nos NM e no peso
médio ao nascimento dos leitões para os diferentes grupos de paridades. O número de
leitões desmamados também não diferiu consoante a paridade das porcas. Por outro lado,
os resultados obtidos no peso médio dos leitões ao desmame e no ganho médio de peso até
ao desmame mostraram diferenças para a paridade das porcas.
O peso médio ao desmame apresentou valores máximos nos leitões nascidos de 5ª-6ª
gestações (6,82 kg) e 7ª-8ª gestações (7,12 kg), tendo alcançado valores mínimos nos
leitões nascidos de 9ª-10ª gestações (5,97 kg). O mesmo ocorreu com o ganho médio de
peso até ao desmame, apresentando valores máximos nos leitões nascidos de 5ª-6ª
gestações (5,47 kg) e 7ª-8ª gestações (5,76 kg), e um valor mínimo nos leitões nascidos de
9ª-10ª gestações (4,69 kg).
Embora com as limitações de uma amostra pequena, poderemos concluir que, com um
maneio correto, será viável levar as porcas até à 8ª gestação, aproveitando as suas
excelentes qualidades reprodutivas e produtivas e amortizando melhor o período
improdutivo até ao primeiro parto.
ABSTRACT - There are several factors that may affect the litter size, the average piglet birth weight and later, the number of piglets weaned/sow and the average weaning weight. One of these factores is parity. In order to evaluate the influence of parity on the number of piglets weaned and on the average weaning weight, the reproductive performance of 45 F1 sows (LW x LR) was analyzed. For each litter the numbers of total piglets born, born alive and stillbirths were recorded. Piglet’s birth weight was recorded 24 hours after birth (totalizing 600 piglets), and within-litter mean and standard deviation were calculated. At weaning (28 days), the number of piglets weaned per sow and the individual weaning weight were recorded. Within-litter mean and standard deviation were calculated. For statistical analysis, sows were divided into 4 groups of different parities (3rd-4th parity, 5th-6th parity, 7th-8th parity and 9th-10th parity) and then analyzed on their reproductive performance. Results showed no differences on litter size, stillbirths, piglet’s birth weigh and number of piglets weaned per sow between different parities. On the other hand, the results for average weaning weight and average weight gain to weaning were different between parities. The higher results were obtained on 5th-6th gestations, with a within-litter weaning weight mean of 6.82 kg and on 7th-8th gestations, with a within-litter weaning weight mean of 7.12 kg. The poorest results were obtained on 9th-10th gestations, with a within-litter weaning weight mean of 5.97 kg. The results on the average weight gain per piglet to weaning were similar, with best results obtained on 5th-6th gestations, with an average 5.47 kg gain per piglet, and on 7th-8th gestations, with an average 5.76 kg gain per piglet. The poorest results were obtained on 9th- 10th gestations, with an average 4.69 kg gain per piglet. Despite the limitations of a small sample, we can conclude that, with the right management, it's viable to maintain the sows until the 8th pregnancy, taking advantage of their excellent reproductive and productive qualities and amortizing their unproductive period to the first delivery.
ABSTRACT - There are several factors that may affect the litter size, the average piglet birth weight and later, the number of piglets weaned/sow and the average weaning weight. One of these factores is parity. In order to evaluate the influence of parity on the number of piglets weaned and on the average weaning weight, the reproductive performance of 45 F1 sows (LW x LR) was analyzed. For each litter the numbers of total piglets born, born alive and stillbirths were recorded. Piglet’s birth weight was recorded 24 hours after birth (totalizing 600 piglets), and within-litter mean and standard deviation were calculated. At weaning (28 days), the number of piglets weaned per sow and the individual weaning weight were recorded. Within-litter mean and standard deviation were calculated. For statistical analysis, sows were divided into 4 groups of different parities (3rd-4th parity, 5th-6th parity, 7th-8th parity and 9th-10th parity) and then analyzed on their reproductive performance. Results showed no differences on litter size, stillbirths, piglet’s birth weigh and number of piglets weaned per sow between different parities. On the other hand, the results for average weaning weight and average weight gain to weaning were different between parities. The higher results were obtained on 5th-6th gestations, with a within-litter weaning weight mean of 6.82 kg and on 7th-8th gestations, with a within-litter weaning weight mean of 7.12 kg. The poorest results were obtained on 9th-10th gestations, with a within-litter weaning weight mean of 5.97 kg. The results on the average weight gain per piglet to weaning were similar, with best results obtained on 5th-6th gestations, with an average 5.47 kg gain per piglet, and on 7th-8th gestations, with an average 5.76 kg gain per piglet. The poorest results were obtained on 9th- 10th gestations, with an average 4.69 kg gain per piglet. Despite the limitations of a small sample, we can conclude that, with the right management, it's viable to maintain the sows until the 8th pregnancy, taking advantage of their excellent reproductive and productive qualities and amortizing their unproductive period to the first delivery.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
paridade porca leitões peso ao nascimento peso ao desmame prolificidade parity sow piglet birth weight weaning weight litter size
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Mendes, D.M.R. (2016). Efeito da paridade na produtividade dos leitões até ao desmame. Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Lisboa.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária