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By the labour of the hands : a emancipação através do trabalho : protagonistas femininas na ficção de Anne Brontë
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A presente dissertação pretende demonstrar, através de uma contextualização teórica
fundamentada, como o trabalho e a consequente remuneração dele obtida, concedia a
possibilidade de alguma independência à mulher da classe média do século XIX, embora
frequentemente fosse inferior ao que seria considerado justo e raramente comparável em
termos quantitativos à remuneração auferida por um homem.
Neste ensaio questiona-se se essa emancipação conduzia, de facto, a uma
independência concreta e a uma consciencialização da condição feminina ou se, pelo
contrário, o exercício de uma profissão constituía mais uma das condicionantes a que a
mulher Vitoriana da classe média estava sujeita.
A dissertação está dividida em duas partes. Na primeira parte, composta por três
capítulos, traça-se o enquadramento contextual da mulher Vitoriana da classe média, de
acordo com três aspetos: sociedade, cultura e educação. Descreve-se a sua forma de vida,
aborda-se a questão de Género e ainda especificamente o estatuto da mulher oitocentista
de classe média como trabalhadora e o modo como essa era percebida através da análise
de obras da época.
A segunda parte da dissertação, composta também por três capítulos, explora
concretamente a questão da emancipação da mulher Vitoriana de classe média através do
trabalho partindo das obras literárias Agnes Grey (1847) e The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
(1848) de Anne Brontë que, quer pela sua especificidade devido às questões que abordam,
quer pela experiência emprestada às mesmas pela sua autora, se afiguram obras
incontornáveis numa dissertação desta natureza. As suas personagens principais
constituem exemplos de situações distintas que levariam a mulher a procurar no trabalho
a sua emancipação.
A segunda parte da presente dissertação inicia-se com uma breve biografia de
Anne Brontë, recorrendo, de seguida, às referidas obras literárias para proceder à análise
da circunstância cultural retratada, retirando daí ilações que contribuam para um melhor
entendimento da época quando vista no feminino e baseado num valor que une o século
XIX à atualidade – o Trabalho.
The present dissertation aims to demonstrate, how labour – and its resulting salary – gave the nineteenth-century middle-class woman a measured possibility of some type of independence. Although frequently inferior to what was to be considered fair and rarely comparable to what a man would meet, it will be weighed bearing in mind its social impact. A theoretical frame of work will be drawn to support the present study. This essay will also question whether women’s emancipation led, in fact, to a tangible independence and to an awareness of their precarious situation, or whether a professional career was just another method for women to confine themselves. This dissertation is divided in two parts. In the first part, composed by three chapters, a contextual framework of Victorian middle-class women will be presented, according to three main aspects: society, culture and education. Their way of life will be described; nineteenth-century notions of Gender will be approached, as well as how these notions were perceived through the analysis of Victorian literary works. The second part of this essay, also composed by three chapters, specifically explores the middle-class women’s emancipation through work in the Victorian Era. Thus,literary works by Anne Brontë – Agnes Grey (1847) and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) – are analysed, bearing in mind the issues they approach, as well as their borrowings on the author’s own working experience. These are key works in this dissertation insofar Anne Brontë’s female characters are significant examples, although in distinct situations, of women who use labour as a means to achieve their independence. The second part of this study opens with an introductory note on the Brontë family. Its main purpose is to describe Anne Brontë’s context in order to better understand the author’s views on women’s lives since, to this day very little is known about this writer. A brief biography of Anne Brontë is followed by a cultural analysis of Brontë’s novels, Agnes Grey (1847) and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) which will enable us to draw a more clarified portrait of nineteenth-century notions of work and labour observed from a woman’s perspective.
The present dissertation aims to demonstrate, how labour – and its resulting salary – gave the nineteenth-century middle-class woman a measured possibility of some type of independence. Although frequently inferior to what was to be considered fair and rarely comparable to what a man would meet, it will be weighed bearing in mind its social impact. A theoretical frame of work will be drawn to support the present study. This essay will also question whether women’s emancipation led, in fact, to a tangible independence and to an awareness of their precarious situation, or whether a professional career was just another method for women to confine themselves. This dissertation is divided in two parts. In the first part, composed by three chapters, a contextual framework of Victorian middle-class women will be presented, according to three main aspects: society, culture and education. Their way of life will be described; nineteenth-century notions of Gender will be approached, as well as how these notions were perceived through the analysis of Victorian literary works. The second part of this essay, also composed by three chapters, specifically explores the middle-class women’s emancipation through work in the Victorian Era. Thus,literary works by Anne Brontë – Agnes Grey (1847) and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) – are analysed, bearing in mind the issues they approach, as well as their borrowings on the author’s own working experience. These are key works in this dissertation insofar Anne Brontë’s female characters are significant examples, although in distinct situations, of women who use labour as a means to achieve their independence. The second part of this study opens with an introductory note on the Brontë family. Its main purpose is to describe Anne Brontë’s context in order to better understand the author’s views on women’s lives since, to this day very little is known about this writer. A brief biography of Anne Brontë is followed by a cultural analysis of Brontë’s novels, Agnes Grey (1847) and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) which will enable us to draw a more clarified portrait of nineteenth-century notions of work and labour observed from a woman’s perspective.
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Brontë, Anne, 1820-1849 - Crítica e interpretação Romance inglês - séc.19 - História e crítica Feminismo e literatura - Grã-Bretanha - séc.19 Mulheres e literatura - Grã-Bretanha - séc.19 Mulheres - Grã-Bretanha - séc.19 Problemas sociais - Na literatura Mulheres - Na literatura Teses de mestrado - 2018