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Prescrição farmacêutica: modelos existentes e remunerações associadas
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A presente monografia estuda a implementação e impacto da prescrição farmacêutica em vários sistemas de saúde, focando os modelos existentes e remuneração em países-chave como Reino Unido, Estados Unidos da América, Canadá e Nova Zelândia. O trabalho começa por situar esta atividade no contexto alargado dos desafios globais enfrentados pelos sistemas de saúde, incluindo o aumento da procura, a escassez de profissionais e a escalada de despesa, posicionando a prescrição farmacêutica como uma potencial solução para estas problemáticas.
A abordagem metodológica envolve uma extensa revisão da literatura, com ênfase nos modelos de prescrição suplementar e independente. A análise é estruturada em torno de temas-chave, incluindo quadros regulamentares, requisitos de formação e resultados associados à prescrição farmacêutica nos diferentes contextos internacionais. A análise considera a relação custo-efetividade e sustentabilidade desta prática.
Os resultados demonstram que a autoridade adicional para prescrever conduziu a melhorias apreciáveis em matéria de resultados em saúde, particularmente em termos de segurança da medicação, redução dos erros de prescrição, maior acesso e eficiência na prestação de cuidados de saúde. Nos países onde esta prática está consolidada, os farmacêuticos assumiram com êxito papéis alargados em equipas multidisciplinares, permitindo reduzir a carga de trabalho dos médicos e contribuindo para sistemas de saúde mais sustentáveis, resultando em efeitos económicos positivos. Contudo, o estudo também salienta desafios atuais, incluindo relutância dos médicos em mudar e necessidade de remuneração adequada para apoiar a expansão do papel dos farmacêuticos.
Conclui-se que expandir a autoridade para prescrever a farmacêuticos, apoiada num quadro regulamentar robusto, formação estruturada e compensação adequada, constitui uma solução viável para os desafios contemporâneos enfrentados pelos sistemas globais. O futuro da prescrição farmacêutica dependerá da adaptabilidade dos sistemas de saúde, financiamento adequado e da vontade política em implementar mudanças organizacionais.
The present monograph studies the implementation and impact of pharmacist prescribing across various healthcare systems, focusing on existing models and remuneration in key countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Canada, and New Zealand. The research begins by situating this activity within the broader context of global challenges faced by healthcare systems, including increased demand, workforce shortages, and escalating costs, positioning pharmacist prescribing as a potential solution to these issues. The methodological approach involves an extensive literature review, with a focus on both supplementary and independent prescribing models. The analysis is structured around key themes, including legislative frameworks, training requirements, and outcomes associated with pharmacist prescribing across different international contexts. The analysis considers the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of this practice. The findings demonstrate that additional prescribing authority has led to notable improvements in healthcare outcomes, particularly in terms of medication safety, reduced prescribing errors, enhanced patient access to care, and efficiency of healthcare delivery. In countries where this practice is well-established, pharmacists have successfully taken on expanded roles within healthcare teams, leading to a reduction in the workload of physicians and contributing to more sustainable healthcare systems, resulting in positive economic effects. However, the study also highlights ongoing challenges, including physicians' reluctance to change, and the need for appropriate remuneration to support the expanded roles of pharmacists. It can be concluded that expanding pharmacists' prescribing authority, supported by a robust regulatory framework, structured training, and adequate compensation, can be a viable solution to the contemporary challenges faced by global systems. The future of pharmacist prescribing will depend on the adaptability of healthcare systems, appropriate funding, and political will to implement organizational changes.
The present monograph studies the implementation and impact of pharmacist prescribing across various healthcare systems, focusing on existing models and remuneration in key countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Canada, and New Zealand. The research begins by situating this activity within the broader context of global challenges faced by healthcare systems, including increased demand, workforce shortages, and escalating costs, positioning pharmacist prescribing as a potential solution to these issues. The methodological approach involves an extensive literature review, with a focus on both supplementary and independent prescribing models. The analysis is structured around key themes, including legislative frameworks, training requirements, and outcomes associated with pharmacist prescribing across different international contexts. The analysis considers the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of this practice. The findings demonstrate that additional prescribing authority has led to notable improvements in healthcare outcomes, particularly in terms of medication safety, reduced prescribing errors, enhanced patient access to care, and efficiency of healthcare delivery. In countries where this practice is well-established, pharmacists have successfully taken on expanded roles within healthcare teams, leading to a reduction in the workload of physicians and contributing to more sustainable healthcare systems, resulting in positive economic effects. However, the study also highlights ongoing challenges, including physicians' reluctance to change, and the need for appropriate remuneration to support the expanded roles of pharmacists. It can be concluded that expanding pharmacists' prescribing authority, supported by a robust regulatory framework, structured training, and adequate compensation, can be a viable solution to the contemporary challenges faced by global systems. The future of pharmacist prescribing will depend on the adaptability of healthcare systems, appropriate funding, and political will to implement organizational changes.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2024, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Prescrição Farmacêutico Modelo Remuneração Implementação Mestrado Integrado - 2024