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Monstros, humanos, transumanos: ecos literários de Frankenstein
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A influência de Frankenstein (1818), de Mary Shelley, na cultura ocidental é vasta e contínua há
cerca de dois séculos. Frankenstein ainda se revela uma obra significativa e pertinente na
contemporaneidade, tendo em conta nomeadamente os avanços científicos e tecnológicos que
aproximam a humanidade de um futuro em que se julga possível transcender a dimensão biológica
do ser humano.
Na presente dissertação, propõe-se uma análise dos ecos de Frankenstein em duas obras
literárias contemporâneas: La Madre de Frankenstein (2020), de Almudena Grandes, e Frankissstein:
A Love Story (2019), de Jeanette Winterson. Através da comparação de um romance histórico e um
romance de ficção científica, respetivamente, pretendemos traçar duas linhas interpretativas dos
motivos mais comuns da obra de Mary Shelley. A primeira linha ancora-se na vertente arquetípica da
figura de Frankenstein, que opera como metáfora e referência cultural para se compreender outras
explorações dos conceitos de criador e de monstro. A segunda linha procura reproduzir a narrativa de
advertência de Frankenstein acerca da imprevisibilidade das consequências da busca científica e dos
perigos da ambição humana, adaptada a novas circunstâncias.
Nesse sentido, o nosso estudo dos romances de Grandes e Winterson alicerça-se na discussão
dos conceitos de “monstro” e “criador”, “humano” e “humanidade”, e “transumano” e “pós-humano”.
Pretendemos averiguar de que modo estas obras literárias representam as suas interpretações das
figuras de criadores e de monstros, comparando as diferentes abordagens, bem como analisar as novas
questões que estes romances levantam em relação a esses tópicos e a forma como o seu retrato dos
motivos de Frankenstein contribui para a longevidade desta obra.
Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818) has had a great and continuous influence in Western culture over the last two centuries. Since recent scientific and technological advances have brought humanity closer to a future where transcending the human being’s biological boundaries is deemed possible, Frankenstein remains a significant and relevant novel in the contemporary era. In the present dissertation, I suggest an analysis of Frankenstein’s resonances in two contemporary literary works: Almudena Grandes’s La Madre de Frankenstein (2020), and Jeanette Winterson’s Frankissstein: A Love Story. I aim to pinpoint two distinct threads of interpretation regarding common motifs in Mary Shelley’s novel by comparing a historical fiction novel and a science fiction novel. The first thread relates to Frankenstein’s archetypical angle, namely how the character and his creature work as metaphors and cultural references for understanding other explorations of the creator and monster concepts. The second thread seeks to replicate Frankenstein’s cautionary tale (the unpredictability of the scientific pursuit’s consequences and the dangers of human ambition) while adapting it to new circumstances. Accordingly, I discuss the notions of “monster” and “creator”, “human” and “humanity”, and “transhuman” and “posthuman” in my reading of Grandes’s and Winterson’s novels. I intend to analyze the ways in which these literary works depict their interpretations of the creator and the monster notions by comparing their different approaches while also tackling what new questions they raise in this regard, as well as how their portrayal of Frankenstein’s motifs contributes to the novel’s longevity.
Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818) has had a great and continuous influence in Western culture over the last two centuries. Since recent scientific and technological advances have brought humanity closer to a future where transcending the human being’s biological boundaries is deemed possible, Frankenstein remains a significant and relevant novel in the contemporary era. In the present dissertation, I suggest an analysis of Frankenstein’s resonances in two contemporary literary works: Almudena Grandes’s La Madre de Frankenstein (2020), and Jeanette Winterson’s Frankissstein: A Love Story. I aim to pinpoint two distinct threads of interpretation regarding common motifs in Mary Shelley’s novel by comparing a historical fiction novel and a science fiction novel. The first thread relates to Frankenstein’s archetypical angle, namely how the character and his creature work as metaphors and cultural references for understanding other explorations of the creator and monster concepts. The second thread seeks to replicate Frankenstein’s cautionary tale (the unpredictability of the scientific pursuit’s consequences and the dangers of human ambition) while adapting it to new circumstances. Accordingly, I discuss the notions of “monster” and “creator”, “human” and “humanity”, and “transhuman” and “posthuman” in my reading of Grandes’s and Winterson’s novels. I intend to analyze the ways in which these literary works depict their interpretations of the creator and the monster notions by comparing their different approaches while also tackling what new questions they raise in this regard, as well as how their portrayal of Frankenstein’s motifs contributes to the novel’s longevity.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, 1797-1851 - Influência Grandes, Almudena , 1960-2021 - Crítica e interpretação Winterson, Jeanette, 1959- - Crítica e interpretação Frankenstein - Influência Frankenstein - Adaptações La Madre de Frankenstein Frankissstein: a love story Romance espanhol - séc.20-21 - Temas, motivos Romance inglês - séc.20-21 - Temas, motivos Literatura comparada - Espanhola e inglesa Monstros - Na literatura Humanidade Transumanismo Teses de mestrado - 2023