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Análise e modelação espaciotemporal do mosquito de importância médica Culex Pipiens em Portugal continental
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Os Culex pipiens apresentam-se como um dos vetores mais omnipresentes em regiões
temperadas e como um dos principais responsáveis pela distribuição global de doenças. Os
membros deste complexo são vetores de algumas doenças humanas, tais como a filaríase
linfática, a febre do Nilo ocidental e a encefalite de St. Louis.
Nesta espécie encontram-se identificadas duas formas biológicas distintas que demonstram
características fisiológicas e comportamentais diferenciadas, sendo estas a forma pipiens e a
forma molestus. Tal como se pode verificar na generalidade nos estudos relativos à sua
diferenciação genética conduzidos nas latitudes norte da Europa, estas formas de mosquitos do
complexo Culex pipiens podem ser encontrados acima do solo, no caso da forma pipiens e em
habitats exclusivamente subterrâneos, na forma molestus.
Portugal continental, localizado no limite ocidental da Europa, apresenta um clima
mediterrânico com verões quentes e secos e invernos suaves, condições estas que são não só
favoráveis à existência de ambos os biótipos, como também propicias à hibridação entre as
duas formas. Esta espécie é, por sua vez, o mosquito com maior expressão territorial em
Portugal, particularmente nas áreas costeiras do Norte e do centro do país.
Na presente dissertação de mestrado, procurou-se analisar a distribuição do mosquito vetor de
doenças Culex pipiens em Portugal continental e estimar quais as variáveis que mais
influenciam a presença e distribuição da espécie em estudo, compreender quais as regiões que
apresentam maior probabilidade de presença da mesma e analisar quais as variáveis que
incrementam a suscetibilidade ao risco de transmissão de vírus ou doenças.
Neste estudo, os fatores que revelaram maior influência na presença e distribuição da espécie
foram: temperatura mínima e temperatura máxima, proximidade a corpos de água e altitude. O
método de predição de presença e ausência de vetores que se revelou mais eficaz foi o método
das Redes Neuronais Artificiais.
Culex pipiens are one of the most ubiquitous vectors in temperate regions and one of the leading responsible causes for the global distribution of diseases. Members of this complex are vectors of some human diseases, such as lymphatic filariasis, West Nile fever, and St. Louis encephalitis. It is possible to identify in this species, two distinct biological forms that demonstrate different physiological and behavioral characteristics, the pipiens and the molestus forms. According to most studies about their genetic differentiation conducted in northern European latitudes, these forms of Culex pipiens mosquitoes can be found above ground in the form of pipiens and in exclusively underground habitats in the molestus form. Continental Portugal, located on the western edge of Europe, has a Mediterranean climate with a hot and dry summers and mild winters, conditions that are not only favorable to the existence of both Culex pipiens biological forms, but also conducive to hybridization between the two forms. This species is, in turn, the most territorial mosquito in Portugal, particularly in the northern and central coastal areas. This dissertation aimed to analyze the distribution of the Culex pipiens disease mosquito vector in mainland Portugal and to estimate which variables most influence the presence and distribution of the species under study, understand which regions are the most likely to show presence of the species and analyze the variables that increase susceptibility to the risk of transmission of viruses or diseases. In the current study, the factors that reveal the greatest influence on the presence and distribution of the species were minimum and maximum temperature, proximity to water bodies and altitude. The most effective method for predicting presence and absence of vectors was Artificial Neural Networks.
Culex pipiens are one of the most ubiquitous vectors in temperate regions and one of the leading responsible causes for the global distribution of diseases. Members of this complex are vectors of some human diseases, such as lymphatic filariasis, West Nile fever, and St. Louis encephalitis. It is possible to identify in this species, two distinct biological forms that demonstrate different physiological and behavioral characteristics, the pipiens and the molestus forms. According to most studies about their genetic differentiation conducted in northern European latitudes, these forms of Culex pipiens mosquitoes can be found above ground in the form of pipiens and in exclusively underground habitats in the molestus form. Continental Portugal, located on the western edge of Europe, has a Mediterranean climate with a hot and dry summers and mild winters, conditions that are not only favorable to the existence of both Culex pipiens biological forms, but also conducive to hybridization between the two forms. This species is, in turn, the most territorial mosquito in Portugal, particularly in the northern and central coastal areas. This dissertation aimed to analyze the distribution of the Culex pipiens disease mosquito vector in mainland Portugal and to estimate which variables most influence the presence and distribution of the species under study, understand which regions are the most likely to show presence of the species and analyze the variables that increase susceptibility to the risk of transmission of viruses or diseases. In the current study, the factors that reveal the greatest influence on the presence and distribution of the species were minimum and maximum temperature, proximity to water bodies and altitude. The most effective method for predicting presence and absence of vectors was Artificial Neural Networks.
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Palavras-chave
Culex pipiens Ausência Distribuição e abundância Presença