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Medicamentos biológicos e doenças autoimunes: o presente e o futuro
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Os medicamentos biológicos são fármacos cuja principal característica é o facto de serem obtidos ou derivados de organismos vivos. Pertencem a um grupo de fármacos que são utilizados como diagnóstico, prevenção e tratamento de algumas doenças, apresentando vantagens significativas na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos doentes, no restabelecimento de funções afetadas e na prevenção de danos que possam ser causados pelas doenças. No entanto, muitas vezes o acesso dos doentes a estes tratamentos é limitado, fruto do seu elevado custo.
A utilização destes medicamentos no tratamento de várias doenças está a expandir-se rapidamente, sendo que as doenças autoimunes, foco deste trabalho, não são exceção. Devido ao contínuo estudo e compreensão da patogénese das doenças, o conhecimento de novos alvos terapêuticos aumenta. O prognóstico para os doentes com estas patologias afigura-se positivo, na medida em que os tratamentos por via dos medicamentos biológicos melhorou na última década e se preveem novas melhorias no futuro.
Neste trabalho, fizemos uma revisão bibliográfica sobre algumas doenças autoimunes (artrite reumatóide, lúpus eritematoso, psoríase, esclerose múltipla, doença de Crohn e colite ulcerosa), os seus tratamentos convencionais e alternativas em termos de terapêuticas biológicas, aprovadas pela Agência Europeia do Medicamento. Concluímos ainda que existem vários ensaios clínicos em que Portugal participa, quer no sentido de se obterem mais informações sobre os fármacos já existentes, quer no sentido de estudar novos medicamentos biológicos.
O mercado destes medicamentos está a alargar-se apesar do seu elevado custo, com muitas empresas farmacêuticas a revelar interesse na investigação, no desenvolvimento e na produção, uma vez que, de uma maneira geral, a sua vasta utilização compensa os investimentos feitos. Algumas delas, recentemente, têm também apostado na investigação que proporcione respostas para doenças antes não atendidas.
Biological medicines are pharmacy drugs whose main characteristic is the fact that they are obtained or derived from living organisms. They belong to a group of pharmacy drugs that are used for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of some diseases, with significant advantages in improving the patients' quality of life, restoring affected functions and preventing the damage that may be caused by diseases. However, patients' access to these treatments is often limited due to their high cost. The use of these medicines in the treatment of several diseases is expanding rapidly, and autoimmune diseases, the focus of this thesis, are no exception. Due to the continuing study and the understanding of the pathogenesis of diseases, the knowledge of new therapeutic targets is increasing. The prognosis for patients with these pathologies seems to be positive, since the treatments through biological medicines have improved in the last decade and other new improvements are expected in the future. In this work, we have carried out a bibliographic review on some autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), their conventional treatments and alternative ones, in terms of biological therapies, approved by European Medicines Agency . We also concluded that there are several clinical trials which Portugal is participating in, either to obtain more information on the medicines that already exist or to study new biological ones. The market for these medicines is expanding and, despite their high cost, many pharmaceutical companies are showing an interest in the research, development and production, since their increasing use often compensates for the investments made. Some of those companies have recently focused on research that may give answers to previously unmet diseases.
Biological medicines are pharmacy drugs whose main characteristic is the fact that they are obtained or derived from living organisms. They belong to a group of pharmacy drugs that are used for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of some diseases, with significant advantages in improving the patients' quality of life, restoring affected functions and preventing the damage that may be caused by diseases. However, patients' access to these treatments is often limited due to their high cost. The use of these medicines in the treatment of several diseases is expanding rapidly, and autoimmune diseases, the focus of this thesis, are no exception. Due to the continuing study and the understanding of the pathogenesis of diseases, the knowledge of new therapeutic targets is increasing. The prognosis for patients with these pathologies seems to be positive, since the treatments through biological medicines have improved in the last decade and other new improvements are expected in the future. In this work, we have carried out a bibliographic review on some autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), their conventional treatments and alternative ones, in terms of biological therapies, approved by European Medicines Agency . We also concluded that there are several clinical trials which Portugal is participating in, either to obtain more information on the medicines that already exist or to study new biological ones. The market for these medicines is expanding and, despite their high cost, many pharmaceutical companies are showing an interest in the research, development and production, since their increasing use often compensates for the investments made. Some of those companies have recently focused on research that may give answers to previously unmet diseases.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2017
Palavras-chave
Medicamentos biológicos Biotecnologia Medicamentos sintéticos Método do hibridoma Phage display Artrite reumatóide Lúpus eritematoso Psoríase Esclerose múltipla Doença de Crohn Colite ulcerosa Mestrado Integrado - 2017