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Mecanismos de incentivos ao fotovoltaico: estudo comparativo Portugal/Brasil
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Esta dissertação tem com objetivo analisar e comparar os diferentes mecanismos de incentivos à energia fotovoltaica testados ou em implementação em Portugal e no Brasil, para melhor compreender as suas virtudes e desafios, de modo a poder recomendar alternativas para ambos num futuro próximo.
De modo a ir ao encontro dos objetivos desta dissertação, esta foi dividida em duas partes: primeiramente é realizada uma revisão de toda a informação relacionada diretamente com a temática dos mecanismos de incentivo, com objetivo de compreender e dominar o tema; de seguida é realizada uma análise detalhada com o intuito de compreender o caminho realizado por ambas as nações no incentivo à energia fotovoltaica com o intuito de, posteriormente, apresentar propostas para que o desenvolvimento desta tecnologia seja bem-sucedido no futuro.
A análise demonstrou que tanto Portugal como o Brasil possuem mercados fotovoltaicos com reduzida expressão e pouco desenvolvidos (apesar do português deter maior relevância e de estar num estádio mais avançado de desenvolvimento) devido a terem experimentado adversidades na difusão desta tecnologia no seu território. No caso português, os maiores contratempos têm origem na instabilidade das políticas governativas que têm passado essa condição para o próprio mercado. No Brasil, a ausência de metas concretas e de interesse político têm sido as maiores dificuldades sentidas pelo mercado. Contudo, ambos têm condições privilegiadas para que a tecnologia fotovoltaica tenha um peso interessante nas respetivas matrizes elétricas e que, por sua vez, o mercado fotovoltaico seja criador de
emprego e riqueza, além de benefícios ambientais.
The following dissertation aims to analyse and compare the different policy instruments tested or being implemented for the promotion of photovoltaic energy in Portugal and Brazil, by understanding their virtues and challenges to later recommend alternative strategies to both in the near future. To achieve the objective of this dissertation, it has been divided into two sections. Firstly, a review of all the information directly related to policy instruments was undertaken to gain full understanding and dominance of the topic. Then, a detailed analysis of each country is taken to understand the path of the two nations in photovoltaic energy incentive. Finally recommendations for the success of the development of this technology in the future are suggested. The analysis demonstrated that Portugal and Brazil have photovoltaic markets with limited relevance and low development (despite the Portuguese market has bigger relevance and being in a advanced level in comparison to Brazilian market) due to some adversities in the diffusion of this technology in their territories. In Portugal's case, the biggest challenges are related to the instability of the policy instruments. The absence of distinct goals and political interest has been the greatest difficulties experienced by the Brazilian market. Nevertheless, both countries have privileged conditions to photovoltaic technology has an interesting share in final energy consumption, leading the photovoltaic market into an employment and wealth generator, as well as providing environmental benefits.
The following dissertation aims to analyse and compare the different policy instruments tested or being implemented for the promotion of photovoltaic energy in Portugal and Brazil, by understanding their virtues and challenges to later recommend alternative strategies to both in the near future. To achieve the objective of this dissertation, it has been divided into two sections. Firstly, a review of all the information directly related to policy instruments was undertaken to gain full understanding and dominance of the topic. Then, a detailed analysis of each country is taken to understand the path of the two nations in photovoltaic energy incentive. Finally recommendations for the success of the development of this technology in the future are suggested. The analysis demonstrated that Portugal and Brazil have photovoltaic markets with limited relevance and low development (despite the Portuguese market has bigger relevance and being in a advanced level in comparison to Brazilian market) due to some adversities in the diffusion of this technology in their territories. In Portugal's case, the biggest challenges are related to the instability of the policy instruments. The absence of distinct goals and political interest has been the greatest difficulties experienced by the Brazilian market. Nevertheless, both countries have privileged conditions to photovoltaic technology has an interesting share in final energy consumption, leading the photovoltaic market into an employment and wealth generator, as well as providing environmental benefits.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado integrado em Engenharia da Energia e do Ambiente, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2013
Palavras-chave
Energia fotovoltaica Mecanismos de incentivos Portugal Brasil Teses de mestrado - 2013