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O Tribunal da Relação de Luanda : uma perspectiva histórico-jurídica
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A dissertação que apresentamos insere-se no ramo da História do Direito, na área do Direito Judiciário e das instituições. O tema tem como objecto a administração da justiça em Angola, enquanto possessão do Império Colonial português na segunda metade do século XIX. Ao realizar esta pesquisa propusemo-nos compreender como ocorreu o processo legislativo de construção do arquétipo judiciário de Angola, que culminou com o nascimento do Tribunal da Relação de Luanda. O presente trabalho visa identificar e, em algumas situações, traçar os perfis dos indivíduos indigitados pela Coroa portuguesa para administrar a justiça no mencionado território situado na costa ocidental africana abaixo da linha do Equador. De seguida, faz-se a análise das competências e atribuições que lhes eram outorgadas e, em algumas situações, faz-se, igualmente, um breve exame comparativo entre o regime estabelecido para o reino de Portugal e os demais territórios que tinham sido por si conquistados, no continente americano, asiático e na costa oriental africana. Da mesma forma, pretende-se perceber como foi delineada a divisão comarcã, os fundamentos que estiveram na base da criação da citada instituição judiciária de 2.ª instância, bem como o estatuto judiciário dos magistrados e oficiais de justiça, que integravam o seu quadro orgânico. Destacamos que está excluído do nosso objecto de estudo a justiça que era ministrada pelas autoridades tradicionais nos territórios que não se encontravam avassalados e os que estavam sob o domínio português, administrados por autoridades tradicionais, com um regime totalmente autónomo e distinto do que será objecto da nossa pesquisa. Feita a análise da instituição judiciária quanto ao regime legal, faremos a reconstrução de todos os passos, nomeadamente, desde os pedidos das autoridades que se encontravam em Angola a solicitar que se reformasse o sistema judicial angolano, a aprovação da lei, o processo de recrutamento, a escolha das infra-estruturas, a cerimónia de instalação e posse, os primeiros actos praticados no ano em que entrou em funcionamento e o seu modo de operar. Ainda nas dinâmicas deste tribunal, elegemos um acórdão que retrata o costume do quituxi, com o intuito de conferir alguma ideologia do colectivo que interveio aquando da prolação deste acto jurisdicional e o sentido inovador da decisão. Na sequência, analisamos as relações institucionais entre o poder judicial e os demais poderes representados em Angola, de forma a compreender se as actuações destes se coadunavam com os ditames previstos na Carta da Monarquia Portuguesa de 1826, em especial os Princípios da Separação de Poderes e da Independência do Poder Judicial, assim como, se os direitos dos cidadãos eram acautelados. Embora façamos uma breve análise da legislação que edificou a máquina judiciária angolana, desde o Regimento de Simão da Silva, de 1512, até ao Decreto de 30 de Dezembro de 1852, o marco inicial cronológico do nosso estudo é o ano de 1852, momento em que se institucionaliza e passa a funcionar a Relação de Luanda e o final o ano de 1870. Como recorte geográfico, escolhemos Angola por se tratar de uma instituição judiciária que nunca foi objecto de estudo pelos historiadores da justiça colonial, bem como pelos actuais estudiosos que se dedicam ao estudo das instituições judiciárias oitocentistas. Por fim, as conclusões desta investigação resultam do exame das leis constitucionais, ordinárias, da doutrina, de alguns usos, costumes e da correspondência trocada durante o período que nos propusemos investigar.
The scope of this dissertation is the judiciary law, the history of justice and the history of law. The study aims the Angolan justice administration while a Portuguese colonial in the second half of XIX century. This research expects to demonstrate how did the legislative process of creating an archetype for the Angolan judiciary occurred, culminating in the installation of the court of appeal of Luanda (Tribunal da Relação de Luanda). The study starts by identifying and, in some occasions, outlining profiles of the individuals who were sent by the Portuguese Crown to administrate justice in the African occidental coast just below the equator line. Focusing on analyzing the competencies and assignments that were granted to those individuals, while comparing the regime stablished for the Kingdom of Portugal in the territories that were conquered by the Portuguese in the American, Asian and African continents, this late one in the oriental coast. It aims to understand how the judiciary districts were stablished as well as the bases of the foundation of the court of appeal and the judiciary statutes for magistrates and court officials that were part of the organic framework. We excluded from the scope of study justice that was enforced by local authorities, in the territories that were dominated or not by the Portuguese, as this is an autonomous and different regime, consequently dissimilar of the purpose of this research. After analyzing the Acts that institute the judiciary system, we will conduct a reconstruction of the footsteps that lead to the functioning of the court of appeal, starting with the requests of the authorities in Angola to create the Angolan judiciary, implementing Act of approval, recruiting process, the infrastructure, the ceremony of installation and induction, first rules of action and its procedures of operation. Additionally, we elected a court ruling on costume of quituxi, with purpose to understand the ideology of justices who intervene and deliberated as well as the innovating sense of that decision. An analytical scrutiny of institutional relations, mainly among the judiciary and representatives of executive authorities in Angola will lead to comprehend if those performances were in line with the dictates of the Carta da Monarquia Portuguesa of 1826, specifically the principles of the separation of powers, independence of the judiciary and safeguard of individuals’ rights. Although there is a brief analyses of the legislation that creates the Angolan Judiciary, starting by the regiment of Simão da Silva in 1512 until the Act of 30 of December of 1852, our chronological framework starts from 1852, with the institutionalization and function of the court of appeal in Luanda, until 1870. As previously mentioned, Angola is our geographical area for research, since its judiciary institution was never an object of study, neither by the colonial historians of justice, neither by contemporary researchers, becoming practically an unknown court in the doctrine.
The scope of this dissertation is the judiciary law, the history of justice and the history of law. The study aims the Angolan justice administration while a Portuguese colonial in the second half of XIX century. This research expects to demonstrate how did the legislative process of creating an archetype for the Angolan judiciary occurred, culminating in the installation of the court of appeal of Luanda (Tribunal da Relação de Luanda). The study starts by identifying and, in some occasions, outlining profiles of the individuals who were sent by the Portuguese Crown to administrate justice in the African occidental coast just below the equator line. Focusing on analyzing the competencies and assignments that were granted to those individuals, while comparing the regime stablished for the Kingdom of Portugal in the territories that were conquered by the Portuguese in the American, Asian and African continents, this late one in the oriental coast. It aims to understand how the judiciary districts were stablished as well as the bases of the foundation of the court of appeal and the judiciary statutes for magistrates and court officials that were part of the organic framework. We excluded from the scope of study justice that was enforced by local authorities, in the territories that were dominated or not by the Portuguese, as this is an autonomous and different regime, consequently dissimilar of the purpose of this research. After analyzing the Acts that institute the judiciary system, we will conduct a reconstruction of the footsteps that lead to the functioning of the court of appeal, starting with the requests of the authorities in Angola to create the Angolan judiciary, implementing Act of approval, recruiting process, the infrastructure, the ceremony of installation and induction, first rules of action and its procedures of operation. Additionally, we elected a court ruling on costume of quituxi, with purpose to understand the ideology of justices who intervene and deliberated as well as the innovating sense of that decision. An analytical scrutiny of institutional relations, mainly among the judiciary and representatives of executive authorities in Angola will lead to comprehend if those performances were in line with the dictates of the Carta da Monarquia Portuguesa of 1826, specifically the principles of the separation of powers, independence of the judiciary and safeguard of individuals’ rights. Although there is a brief analyses of the legislation that creates the Angolan Judiciary, starting by the regiment of Simão da Silva in 1512 until the Act of 30 of December of 1852, our chronological framework starts from 1852, with the institutionalization and function of the court of appeal in Luanda, until 1870. As previously mentioned, Angola is our geographical area for research, since its judiciary institution was never an object of study, neither by the colonial historians of justice, neither by contemporary researchers, becoming practically an unknown court in the doctrine.
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História do direito Direito judiciário Tribunal da Relação Administração da justiça Regimento Províncias ultramarinas Angola Teses de mestrado - 2023