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O design de interação no auxílio da ansiedade infantil
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Resumo(s)
O distúrbio de ansiedade começa a ser mais recorrente entre as crianças, o que pode levar a distúrbios mais graves e causar consequências antagónicas para o resto das suas vidas, caso não seja percebido e tratado durante os primeiros períodos de vida, uma vez que é o distúrbio que possui a maior taxa de estabilidade ao longo do tempo.
Usando mecanismos próprios da terapia cognitiva comportamental, que detém a maior evidência na prevenção e tratamento da ansiedade, aliado a biossensores e machine learning, é possível construir um sistema (prova de conceito) que através das suas interações com a criança promova um bem-estar e um aumento considerável da sua qualidade de vida, uma vez que permite auxiliar na prevenção, no aviso e no controlo dos ataques de ansiedade e pânico nas crianças.
Foi desenvolvida uma metodologia mista, intervencionista e não intervencionista, de base qualitativa e quantitativa. A primeira fase, denominada por enquadramento teórico, foi apoiada na revisão de literatura, inquéritos e entrevistas exploratórias. A partir desta informação, iniciou-se a fase generativa onde se explorou um sistema a partir de protótipos e simulações. Contemplando não só a problemática e a criança, como os seus pais/cuidadores e profissionais de saúde, atendendo a características como a singularidade, portabilidade e a experiência de utilização. No final, com o propósito de avaliar a parte essencial do sistema: um conjunto de tarefas capaz de acalmar a criança durante um ataque de ansiedade/pânico, foi realizada uma auscultação de peritos, junto de psicólogos infantis, e uma observação direta em conjunto com um inquérito de avaliação junto de crianças, os utilizadores primários do sistema.
Desta forma, propomos um sistema baseado num smartwatch que recolhe dados fisiológicos, e agrega um conjunto de tarefas que redireciona o foco do ataque de ansiedade para um estado de calma, atendendo aos sinais da criança. Para tal, o sistema integra um algoritmo que para além de recolher os sinais fisiológicos, os processa, trata e exibe numa outra aplicação, disponível para psicólogos e pais/cuidadores, que para além de servir como ferramenta de registo, detém recursos preventivos.
The anxiety disorder is becoming more common among children, which can lead to more serious disorders and cause devastating consequences for the rest of their lives, if it is not perceived and treated during the first periods of life, since it is the disorder that has the highest rate of stability over time. Using mechanisms inherent to cognitive behavioral therapy, which holds the greatest evidence in the prevention and treatment of anxiety, combined with biosensors and machine learning, it is possible to build a system (proof of concept), that through its interactions with the child, promotes a well-being and a considerable increase in their quality of life, since it can assist in the prevention, warning and control of anxiety and panic attacks in children. A mixed methodology was applied, interventionist and non-interventionist, with a qualitative and quantitative basis. The first phase was supported by literature review, questionnaires, and exploratory interviews. From this information, the generative phase was initiated, where a system was explored through prototypes and simulations. Considering not only the problem and the child, but also their parents/caregivers and health professionals, as well as characteristics such as customization, portability, and user experience. At the end, to evaluate the core part of the system: a set of tasks able to calm the child during an anxiety/panic attack, we conducted an expert survey with child psychologists and, a direct observation plus an evaluation questionnaire with children, the primary users. Thus, we propose a system based on a smartwatch that collects physiological data and holds a set of tasks that redirects the focus from the anxiety attack to a calm state, according to its signals. To this end, the system integrates an algorithm that, in addition to collecting physiological signals, processes and displays it in another application, available for psychologists and parents, which, in addition to serving as a registration tool, holds preventive resources.
The anxiety disorder is becoming more common among children, which can lead to more serious disorders and cause devastating consequences for the rest of their lives, if it is not perceived and treated during the first periods of life, since it is the disorder that has the highest rate of stability over time. Using mechanisms inherent to cognitive behavioral therapy, which holds the greatest evidence in the prevention and treatment of anxiety, combined with biosensors and machine learning, it is possible to build a system (proof of concept), that through its interactions with the child, promotes a well-being and a considerable increase in their quality of life, since it can assist in the prevention, warning and control of anxiety and panic attacks in children. A mixed methodology was applied, interventionist and non-interventionist, with a qualitative and quantitative basis. The first phase was supported by literature review, questionnaires, and exploratory interviews. From this information, the generative phase was initiated, where a system was explored through prototypes and simulations. Considering not only the problem and the child, but also their parents/caregivers and health professionals, as well as characteristics such as customization, portability, and user experience. At the end, to evaluate the core part of the system: a set of tasks able to calm the child during an anxiety/panic attack, we conducted an expert survey with child psychologists and, a direct observation plus an evaluation questionnaire with children, the primary users. Thus, we propose a system based on a smartwatch that collects physiological data and holds a set of tasks that redirects the focus from the anxiety attack to a calm state, according to its signals. To this end, the system integrates an algorithm that, in addition to collecting physiological signals, processes and displays it in another application, available for psychologists and parents, which, in addition to serving as a registration tool, holds preventive resources.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Design de Interação Ansiedade Infantil Terapia Cognitiva Comportamental Biossensores Machine Learning
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Faculdade Arquitetura, Universidade Lisboa