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Política europeia de segurança marítima
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A segurança marítima faz hoje parte da agenda política internacional, devido à sua atualidade e importância nas relações internacionais. Muitas vezes os interesses estatais interferem na definição de conceitos internacionais e, considerando a dificuldade manifesta em delimitar este conceito da “segurança marítima”, a
abordagem correta deve consistir no reconhecimento da sua abrangência e dos fatores que a podem comprometer. O conceito não está, por isso, limitado às questões mais técnicas relacionadas com o navio, a navegação, a carga transportada etc., mas alarga-se à questão ambiental e à violência, criminalidade e terrorismo no mar, compreendendo, portanto, as dimensões da “segurança marítima” em sentido estrito e
da “proteção marítima”. Ainda que se possa distinguir estas dimensões, elas são indissociáveis e
complementam-se. É esta abordagem integral e holística à segurança marítima que vem sendo defendida pela União Europeia. A UE dispõe atualmente de um vasto quadro normativo para a segurança e proteção das suas águas, resultado de uma ação política determinada e veloz, fortemente influenciada pelos desastrosos
naufrágios do Erika e Prestige. É a partir dos anos 90 que a União Europeia dá início à comunitarização da sua política de segurança marítima, defendendo a iniciativa reguladora regional, para complemento das normas acordadas no seio da IMO. A segurança marítima passa a representar, a partir da década de 2000, o pilar fundamental da estratégia comunitária para os oceanos e mares, pelos benefícios que dela resultam, tais como, maior garantia de salvaguarda da vida humana, um meio marinho mais saudável, maior bem-estar económico, proteção das pescas, do turismo, entre outros.
A UE desenvolveu igualmente uma política de ação concertada na IMO, como meio de reforço dos seus interesses estratégicos no debate internacional, onde a Europa advoga também um diálogo de cooperação para a universalização de altos padrões de segurança marítima. O desafio da segurança nos mares neste século XXI, consiste numa reafirmação da Europa marítima, bem como na aplicação e execução do arsenal
jurídico edificado, para um aproveitamento maximizado das potencialidades marítimas. É assim absolutamente decisivo o papel da EMSA no serviço da política europeia de segurança marítima. Embora não se preveja uma reforma profunda do atual quadro jurídico nos próximos anos, a UE mantém presente a importância do
reforço constante e melhoria contínua dos seus instrumentos para a segurança marítima e prevenção da poluição.
Maritime safety today is part of the international political agenda, due to its currentness and importance in international relations. Very often state interests interfere with the definition of international concepts and considering the manifest difficulty in spelling out the scope of this concept of “maritime safety”, the correct approach should be the acknowledgment of its broadness and of the factors that may compromise it. The concept is therefore not limited to the technical issues regarding the ship, the navigation, the cargo etc., but it extends to the environmental issue and to violence, crime and terrorism at sea, thus comprehending the dimensions of “maritime safety” in the strict sense and “maritime security”. Although these dimensions can be distinguished, they are inseparable and complementary. This integral and holistic approach to maritime safety has been supported by the European Union. The EU has currently a vast legal framework for the safety and security of its waters, as a result of a determined and rapid political action, strongly influenced by the dramatic Erika and Prestige sinkings. From the 1990s, the European Union initiated the communitarisation of its maritime safety policy, defending the regional regulatory initiative as a complement to the rules agreed within the IMO. Since the decade of 2000, maritime safety started to represent the fundamental pillar of the Community strategy for the oceans and seas, because of the benefits that result from it, such as a bigger guarantee of safety of life at sea, a healthier marine environment, a greater economic welfare, the protection of fisheries, tourism, among others. The EU developed a policy of concerted action in IMO, as a means of enhancing its strategic interests in the international debate, where Europe also advocates a dialogue of cooperation for the universalisation of high maritime safety standards. The challenge of safety at sea in the 21st century consists of a reaffirmation of the maritime Europe, as well as of the implementation and enforcement of the established legal arsenal, for a maximized exploitation of the maritime potential. So the role of EMSA in serving the European maritime safety policy is absolutely decisive. Even if a profound reform of the current legal framework is not expected in the coming years, the EU maintains the importance of the constant reinforcement and continuous improvement of its maritime safety and pollution prevention instruments.
Maritime safety today is part of the international political agenda, due to its currentness and importance in international relations. Very often state interests interfere with the definition of international concepts and considering the manifest difficulty in spelling out the scope of this concept of “maritime safety”, the correct approach should be the acknowledgment of its broadness and of the factors that may compromise it. The concept is therefore not limited to the technical issues regarding the ship, the navigation, the cargo etc., but it extends to the environmental issue and to violence, crime and terrorism at sea, thus comprehending the dimensions of “maritime safety” in the strict sense and “maritime security”. Although these dimensions can be distinguished, they are inseparable and complementary. This integral and holistic approach to maritime safety has been supported by the European Union. The EU has currently a vast legal framework for the safety and security of its waters, as a result of a determined and rapid political action, strongly influenced by the dramatic Erika and Prestige sinkings. From the 1990s, the European Union initiated the communitarisation of its maritime safety policy, defending the regional regulatory initiative as a complement to the rules agreed within the IMO. Since the decade of 2000, maritime safety started to represent the fundamental pillar of the Community strategy for the oceans and seas, because of the benefits that result from it, such as a bigger guarantee of safety of life at sea, a healthier marine environment, a greater economic welfare, the protection of fisheries, tourism, among others. The EU developed a policy of concerted action in IMO, as a means of enhancing its strategic interests in the international debate, where Europe also advocates a dialogue of cooperation for the universalisation of high maritime safety standards. The challenge of safety at sea in the 21st century consists of a reaffirmation of the maritime Europe, as well as of the implementation and enforcement of the established legal arsenal, for a maximized exploitation of the maritime potential. So the role of EMSA in serving the European maritime safety policy is absolutely decisive. Even if a profound reform of the current legal framework is not expected in the coming years, the EU maintains the importance of the constant reinforcement and continuous improvement of its maritime safety and pollution prevention instruments.
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Direito internacional Segurança marítima Protecção das águas Meio marinho Poluição Teses de mestrado - 2017