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A cartografia náutica portuguesa no século XVIII
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A história da Cartografia atribui um destacado papel à cartografia portuguesa do século
XVI e regista o trabalho pioneiro de alguns cartógrafos portugueses.
No século XVII a actividade cartográfica portuguesa ainda continuou a ser significativa e a
ser reconhecida pelas outras nações marítimas, mas já foi a cartografia dos Países Baixos
que adquiriu maior relevância à escala mundial.
Porém, ao longo do século XVIII a produção cartográfica europeia intensificou-se em
quantidade e em qualidade, sobretudo na França e na Inglaterra, enquanto a produção
portuguesa diminuiu acentuadamente e a navegação portuguesa passou a utilizar cartas
estrangeiras impressas.
Na presente dissertação procuramos analisar os contextos que terão condicionado a
limitada produção cartográfica portuguesa durante o século XVIII, fazer um estudo
comparativo da produção cartográfica das principais nações marítimas europeias e,
sobretudo, identificar e analisar a produção cartográfica portuguesa.
Esse estudo baseou-se na pesquisa e estudo de algumas centenas de cartas existentes em
arquivos e bibliotecas portuguesas e, embora mostre que houve uma concentração de
recursos na actividade cartográfica e no reconhecimento geográfico do Brasil, também
evidencia um panorama geral de declínio da cartografia portuguesa e, de forma especial,
da cartografia náutica portuguesa.
Essa situação foi percebida pelos responsáveis portugueses que procuraram soluções para
o problema. Assim, reconhecendo-se que havia “falta e penúria” de boas cartas
hidrográficas, em 1798 foi criada a Sociedade Real, Marítima, Militar e Geográfica para o
Desenho, Gravura e Impressão das Cartas Hydrograficas, Geográficas e Militares, destinada a
superar a reconhecida debilidade e carência cartográfica portuguesa, mas a sua actividade
ficou aquém das expectativas devido aos acontecimentos político-militares de 1807 e à
conjuntura que se seguiu.
A resposta às necessidades da cartografia náutica só apareceu na segunda metade do
século XIX quando se institucionalizou a actividade hidrográfica em Portugal.
The history of Cartography has attributed a prominent role to Portuguese cartography of the 16th century and has noted the pioneering work of some Portuguese cartographers. In the 17th century, the activity of Portuguese cartography continued to be significant and recognized by other maritime nations but it was the cartography from the Netherlands, which acquired major relevance at a global level. However, during the 18th century, the European cartographic production intensified in quantity and quality, specially in France and England, while the Portuguese production declined steeply and the Portuguese navigation began to use foreign printed charts. In this dissertation we endeavoured to analyze the contexts which may have influenced the limited Portuguese cartographic production during the 18th century as well as performed a study comparing the cartographic production of the principal European maritime countries and above all identify and analyze the Portuguese cartographic production. This study is based on research involving several hundred charts existing in the Portuguese archives and libraries and although it shows that there was a concentration of resources in the cartographic activity and geographic recognition of Brazil, it also shows a general panorama of decline in Portuguese cartography and specially in the Portuguese nautical cartography. This situation was recognized by the responsible Portuguese authorities who sought solutions for this problem. Having recognized that there was a lack and paucity of good nautical charts, in 1798, the Sociedade Real, Marítima, Militar e Geográfica para o Desenho, Gravura e Impressão das Cartas Hydrograficas, Geográficas e Militares was created but its activity remained below expectations due to political and military events in 1807 and the conjuncture which evolved later. The answers to the nautical cartography needs were only obtained in the second half of the 19th century when the nautical activity in Portugal was institutionalized.
The history of Cartography has attributed a prominent role to Portuguese cartography of the 16th century and has noted the pioneering work of some Portuguese cartographers. In the 17th century, the activity of Portuguese cartography continued to be significant and recognized by other maritime nations but it was the cartography from the Netherlands, which acquired major relevance at a global level. However, during the 18th century, the European cartographic production intensified in quantity and quality, specially in France and England, while the Portuguese production declined steeply and the Portuguese navigation began to use foreign printed charts. In this dissertation we endeavoured to analyze the contexts which may have influenced the limited Portuguese cartographic production during the 18th century as well as performed a study comparing the cartographic production of the principal European maritime countries and above all identify and analyze the Portuguese cartographic production. This study is based on research involving several hundred charts existing in the Portuguese archives and libraries and although it shows that there was a concentration of resources in the cartographic activity and geographic recognition of Brazil, it also shows a general panorama of decline in Portuguese cartography and specially in the Portuguese nautical cartography. This situation was recognized by the responsible Portuguese authorities who sought solutions for this problem. Having recognized that there was a lack and paucity of good nautical charts, in 1798, the Sociedade Real, Marítima, Militar e Geográfica para o Desenho, Gravura e Impressão das Cartas Hydrograficas, Geográficas e Militares was created but its activity remained below expectations due to political and military events in 1807 and the conjuncture which evolved later. The answers to the nautical cartography needs were only obtained in the second half of the 19th century when the nautical activity in Portugal was institutionalized.
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Sociedade Real, Marítima, Militar e Geográfica (Portugal) - História Cartografia náutica - Portugal - séc.18 Cartas náuticas - Portugal - séc.18 Cartógrafos portugueses - séc.18 Teses de mestrado - 2018