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Terapêutica da Tuberculose: problemas e soluções
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A tuberculose (TB) é uma doença contagiosa grave causada pela bactéria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) que se desenvolve essencialmente em zonas ricas em oxigénio como sendo os pulmões. Continua a revelar-se um problema de saúde pública que atinge cerca 8,7 milhões de habitantes em todo o mundo.
A BCG apresenta-se como única vacina preventiva existente. Estudos mostram uma eficácia variada da vacina e concluem que revela maior efeito em crianças. Existem vários fármacos para o combate da doença, com esquemas terapêuticos associados às diferentes formas de TB: TB latente, TB ativa e TB multirresistente (TB-MR). Os antibacilares são usados em tratamentos de longa duração que trouxe consigo problemas de descumprimento. Isto associado à toxicidade destes fármacos ao aparecimentos de co-infeções Mtb/HIV e a estirpes resistentes aos antibacilares, levou a que eficácia do tratamento esteja comprometia. Assim nas últimas décadas, houve um grande interesse em desenvolver novas formas de combater este agente infecioso.
Embora novos fármacos e vacinas estejam a ser desenvolvidos, a erradicação da doença não tem sido conseguida
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) which grows essentially in areas rich in oxygen as the lungs. It continues to be a public health problem that affects about 8.7 million people worldwide. BCG is the unique prophylactic vaccine against the disease. Several studies demonstrate a variable effectiveness of this vaccine and conclude that it shows greater efficacy in children. There are several drugs to combat the disease, with different therapeutical regimens depending on the forms of TB : latent TB , active TB and multidrug-resistant TB . Drugs are used in long-term treatments that induced the problem of non-adherence. This fact associated with the toxicity of these drugs, the appearance of HIV/Mtb co-infections and drug-resistant strains, has led to poor efficacy of the treatment. Thus in the last decades there has been considerable interest in developing new ways to combat this infectious agent. Although new drugs and vaccines are being developed, eradication hasn´t been achieved.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) which grows essentially in areas rich in oxygen as the lungs. It continues to be a public health problem that affects about 8.7 million people worldwide. BCG is the unique prophylactic vaccine against the disease. Several studies demonstrate a variable effectiveness of this vaccine and conclude that it shows greater efficacy in children. There are several drugs to combat the disease, with different therapeutical regimens depending on the forms of TB : latent TB , active TB and multidrug-resistant TB . Drugs are used in long-term treatments that induced the problem of non-adherence. This fact associated with the toxicity of these drugs, the appearance of HIV/Mtb co-infections and drug-resistant strains, has led to poor efficacy of the treatment. Thus in the last decades there has been considerable interest in developing new ways to combat this infectious agent. Although new drugs and vaccines are being developed, eradication hasn´t been achieved.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2013
Palavras-chave
Tuberculose Mycobacterium tuberculosis BCG Tuberculose multiresistente Tuberculose extensivamente resistente Mestrado Integrado - 2013