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O harm principle e a legitimidade do direito penal contemporâneo : fundamentos, validade e limites da criminalização
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O presente estudo tem como objeto a legitimidade do Direito Penal contemporâneo tendo em vista a impossibilidade da teoria do bem jurídico de alcançar todas as necessidades de criminalização das sociedades modernas. Esse problema traz, para o centro da discussão, o harm principle, que ocupa nos países da Common Law, posição semelhante àquela destinada à teoria do bem jurídico no Direito Penal de matriz europeia continental. Esta pesquisa procura desenvolver uma construção própria do harm principle que absorva suas principais características, seu escopo e seus limites, com o propósito de justificá-lo, enquanto critério de legitimação daquelas incriminações em que não é possível identificar a presença de algum bem jurídico-penal. Esta investigação, também, faz referência às descontinuidades e continuidades existentes entre o harm principle e a teoria do bem jurídico, identificando os principais aspectos em que se aproximam e se distanciam. Por fim, no intuito de oferecer um teste prático ao harm principle e levar ao estresse a sua concepção desenvolvida neste trabalho, o último capítulo traz a investigação sobre o crime de maus tratos aos animais, tipificado no art. 387 do Código Penal português, cuja legitimidade encontra seu fundamento no harm principle, uma vez que se mostra evidente a dificuldade de justificá-lo por meio da teoria do bem jurídico.
The current study scrutinizes the legitimacy of contemporary criminal law regarding the impossibility of the legal interests theory to meet all that is required by the criminalization process within modern societies. Such an issue brings the harm principle to the center of the discussion, presenting with a similar stance in the common law countries when compared to that of the legal interests theory in the continental Europe criminal law. This research intends to develop an original construction to the harm principle, one that may internalize its main features, scope and limitations in order to further justify it as a criteria for the legitimacy of accusations where it is not yet possible to identify the occurrence of any legal interests related to criminal law. Additionally, the current study refers to the continuities, or lack thereof, not present in the harm principle and in the legal interests theory, identifying the main aspects that would bring them closer together or further apart. Finally, and with the purpose of putting the harm principle into practice, as well as highlighting the concepts developed so far, the last chapter offers an inquiry regarding the crimes of animal abuse, codified in the Art. 387 of the Portuguese Criminal Code, whose legitimacy is grounded on the harm principle due to the clear difficulties of justifying it by means of the legal interests theory.
The current study scrutinizes the legitimacy of contemporary criminal law regarding the impossibility of the legal interests theory to meet all that is required by the criminalization process within modern societies. Such an issue brings the harm principle to the center of the discussion, presenting with a similar stance in the common law countries when compared to that of the legal interests theory in the continental Europe criminal law. This research intends to develop an original construction to the harm principle, one that may internalize its main features, scope and limitations in order to further justify it as a criteria for the legitimacy of accusations where it is not yet possible to identify the occurrence of any legal interests related to criminal law. Additionally, the current study refers to the continuities, or lack thereof, not present in the harm principle and in the legal interests theory, identifying the main aspects that would bring them closer together or further apart. Finally, and with the purpose of putting the harm principle into practice, as well as highlighting the concepts developed so far, the last chapter offers an inquiry regarding the crimes of animal abuse, codified in the Art. 387 of the Portuguese Criminal Code, whose legitimacy is grounded on the harm principle due to the clear difficulties of justifying it by means of the legal interests theory.
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Direito Penal Harm Principle Teoria do Bem Jurídico