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O impacto dos ecrãs no neurodesenvolvimento de crianças até aos 5 anos
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Atualmente, as tecnologias encontram-se amplamente difundidas na sociedade. Os dispositivos com ecrãs ocupam uma posição privilegiada no quotidiano das crianças e as guidelines da OMS relativamente ao tempo de ecrã recomendado por dia estão a ser largamente ultrapassadas. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é estudar as possíveis consequências que estes comportamentos podem ter no neurodesenvolvimento de crianças até aos 5 anos de idade.
Existem vários fatores que influenciam os hábitos das crianças em relação aos ecrãs. Entre eles, salienta-se a acessibilidade e autonomia que têm, o conteúdo a que são expostas e ainda o comportamento dos pais, que constitui um elemento preditor do comportamento dos filhos.
De acordo com a literatura, está provado que o tempo excessivo de exposição aos ecrãs pode ter impactos no sono, no desenvolvimento da linguagem, no desenvolvimento cognitivo e nas capacidades emocionais, sociais e de comunicação.
Como forma de contornar esta questão, a informação e a educação cumprem um papel de extrema relevância. Em relação aos pais e/ou cuidadores, é pelo conhecimento das diferentes fases do desenvolvimento da criança e da etiqueta digital que se podem mudar comportamentos. Já os profissionais de saúde têm o dever de priorizar este tema, abordando-o nas suas consultas e fornecendo ferramentas que podem ser úteis no controlo da exposição aos ecrãs. Sempre que possível, deve haver harmonia entre os pais e/ou cuidadores, os profissionais de saúde e os profissionais de educação, pois só assim se consegue elevar e manter as diretrizes que conduzem à saúde e bem-estar da criança.
Nowadays, technologies are widespread in society. Devices with screens occupy a privileged position in children's daily lives and the WHO guidelines for the recommended amount of screen time per day are being far exceeded. The main aim of this work is to study the possible consequences that these behaviours can have on the neurodevelopment of children up to the age of 5. There are several factors that influence children's screen habits. These include the accessibility and autonomy they have, the content they are exposed to and also their parents' behaviour, which is a predictor of their children's behaviour. According to the literature, it has been proven that excessive exposure to screens can have an impact on sleep, language development, cognitive development and emotional, social and communication skills. As a way of getting around this issue, information and education play an extremely important role. As far as parents and/or carers are concerned, it is through knowledge of the different stages of a child's development and digital etiquette that behaviour can be changed. Health professionals, meanwhile, have a duty to prioritise this issue, addressing it in their consultations and providing tools that can be useful in controlling exposure to screens. Whenever possible, there should be harmony between parents and/or carers, health professionals and education professionals, as this is the only way to raise and maintain the guidelines that lead to the child's health and well-being.
Nowadays, technologies are widespread in society. Devices with screens occupy a privileged position in children's daily lives and the WHO guidelines for the recommended amount of screen time per day are being far exceeded. The main aim of this work is to study the possible consequences that these behaviours can have on the neurodevelopment of children up to the age of 5. There are several factors that influence children's screen habits. These include the accessibility and autonomy they have, the content they are exposed to and also their parents' behaviour, which is a predictor of their children's behaviour. According to the literature, it has been proven that excessive exposure to screens can have an impact on sleep, language development, cognitive development and emotional, social and communication skills. As a way of getting around this issue, information and education play an extremely important role. As far as parents and/or carers are concerned, it is through knowledge of the different stages of a child's development and digital etiquette that behaviour can be changed. Health professionals, meanwhile, have a duty to prioritise this issue, addressing it in their consultations and providing tools that can be useful in controlling exposure to screens. Whenever possible, there should be harmony between parents and/or carers, health professionals and education professionals, as this is the only way to raise and maintain the guidelines that lead to the child's health and well-being.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2024
Palavras-chave
Tempo de ecrã Neurodesenvolvimento Pré-escolar Saúde digital Pediatria