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Study, Assembly and Characterization of Linear and Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photodiode Electronics for LiDAR Applications
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Resumo(s)
The presented dissertation explores the manufacturing process of a vacuum chamber designed
for the purpose of evaluating and comparing the performance of two avalanche photodiodes
operating in both linear and Geiger-mode regions for single photon counting across various
temperature states and NIR1 optical emission power modes.
The research encompasses the design, construction, and comprehensive testing of a mini-test
chamber capable of accommodating two sensors simultaneously, covering mechanical, optical,
and electrical aspects. Throughout the conducted experiments, the chamber demonstrated its
ability to maintain a stable vacuum environment of up to 9.4 Pa while offering precise temperature
control within the range of 333 K to 244 K, safely supplied with up to 15 A and 200 V. This setup
facilitated the characterization and comparison of one of the photodiodes under four distinct
temperature conditions: 291.95 K, 270.15 K, 253.95 K, and 249.55 K, with the injected optical
power varied in both continuous wave and pulsed modes.
To directly assess the response of the sensors, two readout circuits were chosen as optimal
solutions. The first was a transimpedance amplifier2
circuit, which facilitated the study of the
photodiode’s behavior in the linear mode, below the breakdown voltage. By leveraging its gain,
current values in this region could be accurately measured, allowing for detections as low as
3 × 10−9 A and achievable gains of up to 300 with a signal-to-noise ratio of 112 dB.
The second was a passive quenching circuit, focused on examining the photodiode’s operation
in the Geiger-mode region, above the breakdown voltage. By operating the sensor within the
entire workable reverse bias range, the impact of the quenching resistor could be investigated.
This circuit achieved gains of up to 600 and a photon detection rate (PDR) of up to 5.6 MHz
with a minimum terminal capacitance of 3.7 × 10−12 F.
Additionally, AC/DC polarization was applied to the sensor to explore the impact of a wave
time-changing biasing.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Engenharia Física, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Palavras-chave
LiDAR Sensores para Infravermelho APD e SPAD Modo Linear e Geiger Câmara de Testes de Vácuo Teses de mestrado - 2023