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Percursos de empreendedorismo e variáveis psicológicas
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As constantes mudanças e instabilidade sentidas no mundo do trabalho alteraram a compreensão da carreira e de como esta se desenvolve. O empreendedorismo, enquanto escolha de carreira não tradicional, merece ser investigado no sentido de melhor se compreenderem as motivações que levam alguns indivíduos a enveredarem por este percurso profissional, bem como as características e competências a estes associadas.
Este estudo pretende, a partir de um grupo de participantes definidos como empreendedores, (1) caracterizar as suas conceções de sucesso na carreira; (2) identificar variáveis pessoais e contextuais que influenciaram a sua carreira enquanto empreendedores, e que são, por eles, consideradas fundamentais para uma carreira de sucesso; e (3) caracterizar os participantes no domínio da personalidade e crenças de carreira. Aplicou-se uma entrevista individual semidiretiva, o Inventário dos Cinco Fatores de Personalidade NEO-FFI (Costa & McCrae, 1992), traduzido e adaptado para a população portuguesa por Barros (1997), e o Inventário sobre Crenças de Carreira e Empregabilidade, ICEB (Barros, 2013). O grupo de participantes contemplou 10 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idades entre os 31 e 65 anos e com experiência profissional variada.
Os resultados vão ao encontro da literatura existente. O grupo de participantes apresenta um conjunto de características que surgem associadas a indivíduos empreendedores, bem como uma ausência quase total de educação para o empreendedorismo. Quanto à personalidade, os participantes obtêm resultados médios mais elevados nas escalas Conscienciosidade e Amabilidade, apoiando também os resultados de estudos efetuados. Relativamente às crenças de carreira, o grupo obtém resultados médios mais elevados nas escalas Striving/Achievement e Autonomia, indicando a sua preferência por situações que permitam a consecução de objetivos pessoais e autonomia na atividade profissional.
As limitações deste estudo relacionam-se sobretudo com a reduzida dimensão do grupo (N<30), sendo interessante alargar o número de participantes, de modo a obter conclusões mais sólidas.
The constant changes and instability in the world of work have altered the understanding of career and the way it unfolds. Entrepreneurship, as a non-traditional career choice, should be investigated in order to better understand the motivations that lead some individuals to embark on this career path and the skills and characteristics associated with these individuals. This study aims, from a group of participants defined as entrepreneurs, to (1) characterize their conceptions of career success; (2) identify personal and contextual variables that conditioned their career path as entrepreneurs and which they consider essential for a successful career; and (3) characterize the participants in terms of personality traits and career beliefs. Semi-structured individual interviews were performed, followed by the application of the NEO Five Factors Personality Inventory NEO-FFI (Costa & McCrae,1992), translated and adapted for the Portuguese population by Barros (1997); and the Career and Employability Beliefs Inventory ICEB (Barros, 2013). The group of participants includes 10 individuals of both sexes, aged between 31 and 65 years old and with diverse professional experience. The results are consistent with the data provided by the literature. Among the group, there is a set of characteristics/skills generally associated with entrepreneurial individuals and an almost total absence of entrepreneurship education. In terms of personality, the participants have higher average scores on Conscientiousness and Agreeableness scales, which is also consistent with the results of previous studies. Regarding career beliefs, the group obtains higher average scores on the scales Striving/Achievement and Autonomy, suggesting a preference for situations that allow them to achieve personal goals and autonomy in their professional activity. Considering the limitations of this study, which are mainly related to the size of the group (N <30), it would be interesting to extend the number of participants in order to obtain more solid conclusions.
The constant changes and instability in the world of work have altered the understanding of career and the way it unfolds. Entrepreneurship, as a non-traditional career choice, should be investigated in order to better understand the motivations that lead some individuals to embark on this career path and the skills and characteristics associated with these individuals. This study aims, from a group of participants defined as entrepreneurs, to (1) characterize their conceptions of career success; (2) identify personal and contextual variables that conditioned their career path as entrepreneurs and which they consider essential for a successful career; and (3) characterize the participants in terms of personality traits and career beliefs. Semi-structured individual interviews were performed, followed by the application of the NEO Five Factors Personality Inventory NEO-FFI (Costa & McCrae,1992), translated and adapted for the Portuguese population by Barros (1997); and the Career and Employability Beliefs Inventory ICEB (Barros, 2013). The group of participants includes 10 individuals of both sexes, aged between 31 and 65 years old and with diverse professional experience. The results are consistent with the data provided by the literature. Among the group, there is a set of characteristics/skills generally associated with entrepreneurial individuals and an almost total absence of entrepreneurship education. In terms of personality, the participants have higher average scores on Conscientiousness and Agreeableness scales, which is also consistent with the results of previous studies. Regarding career beliefs, the group obtains higher average scores on the scales Striving/Achievement and Autonomy, suggesting a preference for situations that allow them to achieve personal goals and autonomy in their professional activity. Considering the limitations of this study, which are mainly related to the size of the group (N <30), it would be interesting to extend the number of participants in order to obtain more solid conclusions.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia da Educação e da Orientação), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2014
Palavras-chave
Empreendedorismo Traços de personalidade Crenças de carreira Teses de mestrado - 2014