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Eating frequency and weight status in Portuguese children aged 3–9 years : results from the cross-sectional National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015–2016

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dc.contributor.authorVilela, Sofia
dc.contributor.authorCorreia, Daniela
dc.contributor.authorSevero, Milton
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Andreia
dc.contributor.authorTorres, Duarte
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Carla
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Sara
dc.contributor.authorRamos, Elisabete
dc.contributor.authorGuiomar, Sofia
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Luísa
dc.contributor.authorAlarcão, Violeta
dc.contributor.authorNicola, Paulo Jorge Morais Zamith
dc.contributor.authorMota, Jorge
dc.contributor.authorTeixeira, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorSoares, Simão
dc.contributor.authorAndersen, Lene Frost
dc.date.accessioned2019-10-14T14:18:31Z
dc.date.available2019-10-14T14:18:31Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.description© The Authors 2019pt_PT
dc.description.abstractObjective: To evaluate daily eating frequency (main meals and snacks) in relation to weight status in children aged 3–9 years, representative of the Portuguese population. Design: Cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was estimated as the mean of two non-consecutive days of food diaries, followed by face-to-face interviews. Weight and height were measured by trained observers. Eating occasions (EO) were defined by the children’s caregiver; an EO was considered separate if the time of consumption was different from other EO and it provided at least 209 kJ (50 kcal). Main meals defined as ‘breakfast’, ‘lunch’ and ‘dinner’ could be selected only once per day. The remaining EO were considered snacks. The association between eating frequency and overweight/obesity was evaluated through logistic regressions weighted for the population distribution. Setting: National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey of the Portuguese population, 2015–2016. Participants: Portuguese children aged 3–9 years with complete dietary data and anthropometric measurements (n 517). Results: Overall, the number of daily EO ranged from 3·5 to 11, and on average children had 5·7 daily EO. After adjustment for child’s sex, age and total energy intake, and considering only plausible energy intake reporters, having < 3 snacks/d was positively associated with being overweight/obese (OR = 1·98; 95 % CI 1·00, 3·90), compared with having ≥ 3 snacks/d. Conclusions: Lower daily frequency of EO was associated with increased odds of being overweight or obese in children. A higher eating frequency, maintaining the same energy intake, seems to contribute to a healthy body weight in children.pt_PT
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study had institutional support from the General Directorate of Health (DGS), the Regional Health Administration Departments, the Central Administration of the Health System (ACSS) and the European Food Safety Authority (CFT/EFSA/DCM/2012/01-C03). The researchers acknowledge all these institutions and persons involved in all phases of the IAN-AF 2015–2016, as well as the participants. Financial support: The IAN-AF 2015–2016 received funding from the EEA Grants Program, Public Health Initiatives (grant number PT06-000088SI3). The EEA Grant Program had no role in the design, analysis or writing of this article.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationPublic Health Nutr. 2019 Oct;22(15):2793-2802.pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1017/S1368980019000661
dc.identifier.issn1368-9800
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10451/39842
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherCambridge University Presspt_PT
dc.relationCFT/EFSA/DCM/2012/01-C03pt_PT
dc.relationPT06-000088SI3pt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/public-health-nutritionpt_PT
dc.subjectEating frequencypt_PT
dc.subjectSnackspt_PT
dc.subjectSnackspt_PT
dc.subjectChildrenpt_PT
dc.subjectObesitypt_PT
dc.subjectDietary surveyspt_PT
dc.titleEating frequency and weight status in Portuguese children aged 3–9 years : results from the cross-sectional National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015–2016pt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage2802pt_PT
oaire.citation.issue15pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage2793pt_PT
oaire.citation.titlePublic Health Nutritionpt_PT
oaire.citation.volume22pt_PT
person.familyNameAlarcão
person.familyNameMorais Zamith Nicola
person.givenNameVioleta
person.givenNamePaulo Jorge
person.identifier.ciencia-id081A-5187-84DE
person.identifier.ciencia-idEC13-192D-69C8
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-4807-5904
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0175-8457
person.identifier.ridL-3256-2015
person.identifier.scopus-author-id24342657400
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7003405044
rcaap.rightsrestrictedAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication7c7526a4-e6c9-4372-b47f-30751239ddeb
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationb43213c5-6a7a-4779-904e-19909e396b89
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery7c7526a4-e6c9-4372-b47f-30751239ddeb

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