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A regulação jurídica da economia em diferentes níveis de normatividade : Análise da Ordem Jurídico-Económica de Cabo Verde e da CEDEAO
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O trabalho investigativo intitulado A Regulação Jurídica da Economia em Diferentes Níveis de Normatividade: Análise da Ordem Jurídico-Económica de Cabo Verde e da CEDEAO propõe abordar o Direito que regula os aspetos económicos como é e se apresenta, i.e., em toda a sua abrangência (constitucional, infraconstitucional e regional). Essa visão panorâmica possibilita constatar que em qualquer desses planos se tem esculpido conjuntos normativos complexos. Tal fenómeno, decorrente da projeção e expansão do Direito sobre o sistema económico – conforme se pretende demonstrar – tem gerado impactos e consequências sobre o próprio Direito, especialmente, sobre a forma como os preceitos normativos têm sido construídos e sobre o modo como passaram a ser avaliados quanto à sua capacidade de efetivação no mundo real. Para aprofundar essa análise, o trabalho foi organizado em três partes, cada qual composta por uma trilogia de capítulos.
A trilogia que compõe a Parte I procede a um recuo estratégico. Ao examinar a relação entre Direito e Economia numa perspetiva abstrata, visa precisar os limites da acoplagem desses dois subsistemas sociais. Observa-se que há uma infinidade de análises jurídicas e não-jurídicas dedicadas ao estudo dessa intricada relação. Apesar de serem todas contribuições relevantes, têm o condão de causar alguma confusão. Em razão disso, após se percorrer alguns desses ensaios, traçam-se as coordenadas das quais parte o presente estudo – coincidente com a recentragem sobre o Direito. Essa matriz de referência possibilitará identificar os impactos que a regulação jurídica da economia tem provocado no próprio Direito.
A trilogia de capítulos que integra a Parte II pretende identificar os elementos caraterísticos da regulação jurídica da economia nos diferentes planos de normatividade. Em qualquer dessas camadas, as normas jurídicas têm absorvido objetivos políticos e económicos, tendo como consequência (do ponto de vista normativo): a) a composição de sistemas jurídicos complexos com normas de diferentes intensidades normativas (desde as mais rígidas até às mais flexíveis); e b) esse aspeto tem desafiado a aplicabilidade e efetividade do Direito, que tem sido racionalizado com base nos resultados que efetivamente alcança ou não, sujeitando-o a esquemas de avaliação de qualidade. Ademais, do ponto de vista institucional, a aplicação de um Direito com essas peculiaridades tem imposto a necessidade de reapreciação constante das funções assumidas pelos poderes públicos e os limites de sua atuação quando se confrontam com a necessidade de concretização desse tipo de norma.
A trilogia de capítulos da Parte III dedica-se à regulação jurídica da economia em Cabo Verde e na CEDEAO, no âmbito da qual o país se encontra inserido. Esta parte visa completar esse ciclo de estudos, identificando os aspetos caraterísticos das normas jurídicas relativas à esfera económica aplicáveis ao arquipélago. Apesar de por essas paragens se enfrentar desafios semelhantes aos que se processam noutras experiências, o seu devido enraizamento revela particularismos importantes. Desta feita, um estudo centrado num Direito que ambiciona influenciar a realidade concreta para o qual foi projetado (com normas de pretender ser), deve ter em consideração tais aspetos fáticos – o que se deseja, portanto, explorar.
Perspetivado em toda a sua abrangência e complexidade, o trabalho conduz a algumas conclusões nucleares que podem ser inferidas da análise da regulação jurídica da economia, designadamente, a emergência de normas com diferentes intensidades e o seu impacto sobre a normatividade, a aplicabilidade e efetividade do Direito.
The research work entitled Legal Regulation of the Economy on Different Levels of Normativity: Analysis of the Cabo Verde’s and ECOWAS’ Legal-Economic Order intends to approach the law that regulates economic issues as it is and presents itself, i.e., in all its levels (constitutional, sub-constitutional and regional). This overview allows us to verify that a complex normative system is emerging in each of these domains. This phenomenon that results from the projection of law on the economic sub-system – as I try to demonstrate – impacts and causes effects on the law itself, specifically on the ways that legal precepts are building and on the manner their capacity to be effective in the Real World is evaluated. To deepen this analysis, the research was organized into three parts, each one of them divided into three chapters. The trilogy of chapters that integrate Part One proposes a reflection on the relationship between Law and Economy by examining it through an abstract perspective to define the limits of the linkage between those two social subsystems. There is a multiplicity of legal and non-legal researches dedicated to the study of this intricate relationship. Despite all being relevant, they have the potential of causing some confusion. For this reason, after discussing some of the scholarship analysis, we were able to identify the perspective from which this present study departed, i.e., from the one that proposes refocusing on the Law. This matrix of reference enables the identification of the impact that legal regulation of the market causes on Law itself. The trilogy of chapters that integrate Part Two aims to identify the elements that characterize the “juridification” of economic aspects in the different levels of normativity. In any of these levels, legal rules have incorporated political and economic objectives, resulting in (from a normative point of view): a) the composition of legal systems by norms with different normative intensities (from rigid ones to flexible ones); and, because of that, b) a challenge to the applicability and effectivity of Law, that has been rationalized by taking into account the results that it achieves or not, subjecting it to quality evaluation schemes. Furthermore, from an institutional point of view, the application of a Legal Order with such particularities imposes a permanent re-evaluation of the function of public entities and the limits of their powers when they have to apply this kind of legal norms. The trilogy of chapters inserted in Parte Three is dedicated to the legal regulation of the economy in Cabo Verde and ECOWAS, the organization of which the country is a member. This Part aims to complete the research by identifying the special characteristics of the legal norms that concern the economy in the archipelago. Despite sharing similarities to the ones that mark other experiences, its rooting in the abovementioned Atlantic Islands context reveals important particularities. Therefore, a study focused on aLaw that aims to influence a concrete reality (with the pretension to be norms), has to consider factual aspects and explore this point of view. Taking into account all these dimensions, one can achieve some core conclusions inferred from the analysis of the phenomenon of “juridification” of economic relations, namely, of the emergence of norms with different intensities, which impacts the normativity, the applicability, and the effectivity of the Law.
The research work entitled Legal Regulation of the Economy on Different Levels of Normativity: Analysis of the Cabo Verde’s and ECOWAS’ Legal-Economic Order intends to approach the law that regulates economic issues as it is and presents itself, i.e., in all its levels (constitutional, sub-constitutional and regional). This overview allows us to verify that a complex normative system is emerging in each of these domains. This phenomenon that results from the projection of law on the economic sub-system – as I try to demonstrate – impacts and causes effects on the law itself, specifically on the ways that legal precepts are building and on the manner their capacity to be effective in the Real World is evaluated. To deepen this analysis, the research was organized into three parts, each one of them divided into three chapters. The trilogy of chapters that integrate Part One proposes a reflection on the relationship between Law and Economy by examining it through an abstract perspective to define the limits of the linkage between those two social subsystems. There is a multiplicity of legal and non-legal researches dedicated to the study of this intricate relationship. Despite all being relevant, they have the potential of causing some confusion. For this reason, after discussing some of the scholarship analysis, we were able to identify the perspective from which this present study departed, i.e., from the one that proposes refocusing on the Law. This matrix of reference enables the identification of the impact that legal regulation of the market causes on Law itself. The trilogy of chapters that integrate Part Two aims to identify the elements that characterize the “juridification” of economic aspects in the different levels of normativity. In any of these levels, legal rules have incorporated political and economic objectives, resulting in (from a normative point of view): a) the composition of legal systems by norms with different normative intensities (from rigid ones to flexible ones); and, because of that, b) a challenge to the applicability and effectivity of Law, that has been rationalized by taking into account the results that it achieves or not, subjecting it to quality evaluation schemes. Furthermore, from an institutional point of view, the application of a Legal Order with such particularities imposes a permanent re-evaluation of the function of public entities and the limits of their powers when they have to apply this kind of legal norms. The trilogy of chapters inserted in Parte Three is dedicated to the legal regulation of the economy in Cabo Verde and ECOWAS, the organization of which the country is a member. This Part aims to complete the research by identifying the special characteristics of the legal norms that concern the economy in the archipelago. Despite sharing similarities to the ones that mark other experiences, its rooting in the abovementioned Atlantic Islands context reveals important particularities. Therefore, a study focused on aLaw that aims to influence a concrete reality (with the pretension to be norms), has to consider factual aspects and explore this point of view. Taking into account all these dimensions, one can achieve some core conclusions inferred from the analysis of the phenomenon of “juridification” of economic relations, namely, of the emergence of norms with different intensities, which impacts the normativity, the applicability, and the effectivity of the Law.
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Direito da Economia regulação jurídica da economia níveis de normatividade Cabo Verde CEDEAO Economic Law "juridification” of economic aspects Levels of Normativity ECOWAS