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Reconstrução identitária no pós-burnout: narrativas de pessoas trabalhadoras brasileiras
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Resumo(s)
O fenômeno da aceleração social e a precarização das relações de trabalho, influenciada pela flexibilização do mercado, têm pressionado as pessoas trabalhadoras a um projeto identitário empreendedor de si, com lutas individuais em detrimento das coletivas. Essa identidade assume individualmente os riscos das escolhas em um cenário de incertezas, com sentimentos de autoexigência e autoculpabilização.
A síndrome do burnout surge dentro deste contexto, em que a constante pressão pela alta performance e excelência, combinada com a falta de apoio social e as crescentes demandas organizacionais, levam à rutura identitária e demandam esforço significativo para a reconstrução de uma nova narrativa de vida. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender o processo de reconstrução identitária no contexto do pós-burnout.
Por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, com entrevistas semiestruturadas, foram realizadas 16 entrevistas biográficas com pessoas trabalhadoras brasileiras que tiveram burnout há mais de 10 meses prévios à entrevista, evidenciando os contextos sociais, organizacionais e pessoais do burnout.Os resultados revelaram que a identidade profissional pré-burnout era marcada por altos padrões de exigência, em que desempenho, competência e dedicação extrema ao trabalho eram centrais, reforçando a pressão por excelência e resiliência. A sobrecarga de trabalho, entretanto, comprometeu a saúde mental e o equilíbrio pessoal.
Durante o processo de burnout, em que houve a perceção de uma rutura identitária, o apoio social mostrou-se essencial, especialmente o extraorganizacional, com apoio de terapeutas, grupos de recuperação, familiares e amigos. O apoio intraorganizacional revelou-se insuficiente, dificultando o retorno às organizações onde as pessoas adoeceram e favorecendo buscas profissionais empreendedoras.
O processo de reconstrução identitária pós-burnout é dinâmico e se caracterizou pelas dimensões de crescimento, crise e precaução, envolvendo a redefinição de limites, a adaptação às mudanças na produtividade e a busca por um equilíbrio entre trabalho e bem-estar.
The phenomenon of social acceleration and the precariousness of labour relations, influenced by the flexibilization of the market, have pushed working people towards an entrepreneurial identity project, with individual struggles to the detriment of collective ones. This identity assumes the risks of individual choices in a scenario of uncertainty, with feelings of self-demand and self-blame. Burnout syndrome arises within this context, in which the constant pressure for high performance and excellence, combined with the lack of social support and increasing organisational demands, lead to identity rupture and require significant effort to rebuild a new life narrative. The aim of this study was to understand the process of identity reconstruction in the context of post-burnout. Using a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews, 16 biographical interviews were conducted with Brazilian workers who had experienced burnout more than 10 months prior to the interview, highlighting the social, organisational, and personal contexts of burnout.The results revealed that pre-burnout professional identity was marked by high standards of demand, in which performance, competence and extreme dedication to work were central, reinforcing the pressure for excellence and resilience. Work overload, however, compromised mental health and personal balance. During the burnout process, in which there was a perception of an identity rupture, social support proved to be essential, especially extra-organisational support, with support from therapists, recovery groups, family and friends. Intra-organisational support proved to be insufficient, making it difficult to return to the organisations where people fell ill and favouring entrepreneurial career searches. The post-burnout identity reconstruction process is dynamic and is characterised by the dimensions of growth, crisis, and precaution, involving the redefinition of boundaries, adaptation to changes in productivity and the search for a balance between work and well-being.
The phenomenon of social acceleration and the precariousness of labour relations, influenced by the flexibilization of the market, have pushed working people towards an entrepreneurial identity project, with individual struggles to the detriment of collective ones. This identity assumes the risks of individual choices in a scenario of uncertainty, with feelings of self-demand and self-blame. Burnout syndrome arises within this context, in which the constant pressure for high performance and excellence, combined with the lack of social support and increasing organisational demands, lead to identity rupture and require significant effort to rebuild a new life narrative. The aim of this study was to understand the process of identity reconstruction in the context of post-burnout. Using a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews, 16 biographical interviews were conducted with Brazilian workers who had experienced burnout more than 10 months prior to the interview, highlighting the social, organisational, and personal contexts of burnout.The results revealed that pre-burnout professional identity was marked by high standards of demand, in which performance, competence and extreme dedication to work were central, reinforcing the pressure for excellence and resilience. Work overload, however, compromised mental health and personal balance. During the burnout process, in which there was a perception of an identity rupture, social support proved to be essential, especially extra-organisational support, with support from therapists, recovery groups, family and friends. Intra-organisational support proved to be insufficient, making it difficult to return to the organisations where people fell ill and favouring entrepreneurial career searches. The post-burnout identity reconstruction process is dynamic and is characterised by the dimensions of growth, crisis, and precaution, involving the redefinition of boundaries, adaptation to changes in productivity and the search for a balance between work and well-being.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Sociologia das Organizações e do Trabalho
Palavras-chave
identidade; pós-burnout; aceleração social; apoio social; empreendedor de si; flexibilização; identity; post-burnout; social acceleration; social support; entrepreneurial self; flexibilization