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A cooperação internacional no combate à injustiça ambiental provocada pelo comércio de resíduos
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A pesquisa sobre a cooperação internacional no combate à injustiça ambiental provocada pelo comércio de resíduos é complexa e multifacetada, abrangendo aspectos ambientais, econômicos e jurídicos. Identificam-se lacunas significativas nos regimes internacionais, exacerbadas por interferências sociopolíticas, que dificultam a eficácia da cooperação internacional. O objetivo geral deste estudo é analisar a eficácia das normas internacionais na mitigação das injustiças ambientais associadas ao comércio de resíduos, considerando as diferentes abordagens internacionais, regionais e os desafios enfrentados pelos países em desenvolvimento. O método adotado é indutivo, baseado em pesquisas bibliográficas, relatórios oficiais e estudos de caso, o que permite uma compreensão aprofundada e contextualizada das questões envolvidas. Os principais resultados revelam que, apesar dos avanços na cooperação internacional, persistem lacunas normativas e divergências interpretativas entre os Estados, cujo princípio da soberania pode comprometer a eficácia das normas ambientais globais. Exemplos disso incluem a complexidade regulatória da Convenção de Basileia e as respostas mais rígidas e regionais, como as da Convenção de Bamako, que visam proteger os países do Sul Global das injustiças ambientais e a Convenção de Waigani com uma estrutura mais flexível. A contribuição deste estudo reside na crítica às normas internacionais vigentes e as abordagens mais inclusivas e flexíveis, que respeitem as especificidades locais e promovam um novo paradigma para a justiça ambiental. Além disso, destaca-se a necessidade de um maior alinhamento entre os princípios de cooperação internacional e as demandas ambientais globais, sem que estas sejam subjugadas aos interesses econômicos.
Research on international cooperation in combating environmental injustice caused by waste trade is complex and multifaceted, encompassing environmental, economic, and legal aspects. Significant gaps are identified in international regimes, exacerbated by sociopolitical interference, which hinder the effectiveness of international cooperation. The general objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of international norms in mitigating environmental injustices associated with waste trade, considering different international, regional approaches, and the challenges faced by developing countries. The method adopted is inductive, based on bibliographic research, official reports, and case studies, which allows a deep and contextualized understanding of the issues involved. The main results reveal that, despite advances in international cooperation, there are still normative gaps and interpretative divergences between States, whose principle of sovereignty may compromise the effectiveness of global environ-mental norms. Examples of this include the regulatory complexity of the Basel Conven-tion and the more rigid and regional responses, such as those of the Bamako Convention, which aim to protect Global South countries from environmental injustices and the Waigani Convention with a more flexible structure. The contribution of this study lies in the critique of existing international norms and the more inclusive and flexible approaches that respect local specificities and promote a new paradigm for environ-mental justice. Moreover, the need for greater alignment between the principles of in-ternational cooperation and global environmental demands is emphasized, without these being subordinated to economic interests.
Research on international cooperation in combating environmental injustice caused by waste trade is complex and multifaceted, encompassing environmental, economic, and legal aspects. Significant gaps are identified in international regimes, exacerbated by sociopolitical interference, which hinder the effectiveness of international cooperation. The general objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of international norms in mitigating environmental injustices associated with waste trade, considering different international, regional approaches, and the challenges faced by developing countries. The method adopted is inductive, based on bibliographic research, official reports, and case studies, which allows a deep and contextualized understanding of the issues involved. The main results reveal that, despite advances in international cooperation, there are still normative gaps and interpretative divergences between States, whose principle of sovereignty may compromise the effectiveness of global environ-mental norms. Examples of this include the regulatory complexity of the Basel Conven-tion and the more rigid and regional responses, such as those of the Bamako Convention, which aim to protect Global South countries from environmental injustices and the Waigani Convention with a more flexible structure. The contribution of this study lies in the critique of existing international norms and the more inclusive and flexible approaches that respect local specificities and promote a new paradigm for environ-mental justice. Moreover, the need for greater alignment between the principles of in-ternational cooperation and global environmental demands is emphasized, without these being subordinated to economic interests.
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Cooperação internacional Gestão de resíduos Justiça ambiental Proteção ambiental Teses de mestrado - 2024 International cooperation Waste management Environmental justice Envi-ronmental protection