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O direito do trabalho na dinâmica flexibilizatória da jornada de trabalho : as experiências recentes de Brasil e Portugal
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O presente estudo comparado entre as sistemáticas regulatórias do tempo de trabalho em Brasil e em Portugal propõe a indagação dos fins almejados e dos resultados colhidos pelos dois países, principalmente, após as recentes reformas nas respectivas legislações trabalhistas.
Para tanto, leva-se em conta o processo de reestruturação econômica que reconformou as bases juslaborais por todo o globo. Em uma abordagem mais específica, propõe-se o exame da ruptura do modelo neoliberal com o colapso financeiro de 2008, e da crise política brasileira a partir de 2015, que resultou na conturbada mudança de governo no país.
Na linha do que se vinha concebendo o Direito do Trabalho em moldes neoliberais, ou seja, enquanto instrumento de fomento da competitividade empresarial, esse ramo jurídico passa a ser encarado como o paliativo imediato das crises econômicas que se abatem sistematicamente sobre as nações mundiais, sobretudo, aquelas consideradas periféricas.
A ausência de fronteiras comerciais na aldeia global, potencializada pelo desenvolvimento das tecnologias da informação e dos meios de telecomunicação, acentua a dependência das economias menos industrializadas relativamente ao capital privado. Em consequência, os custos laborais passam a ser vislumbrados como moedas de troca em uma verdadeira corrida ao fundo, impulsionada por Estados destituídos de parcela da soberania, e protagonizada a contragosto pelos trabalhadores.
As recentes alterações legislativas efetuadas nos dois países analisados denotam essa instrumentalização do Direito do Trabalho. As reformas refletem a tendência da flexibilização das normas justrabalhistas mediante a inversão da lógica protetiva que compreendera as regras atinentes à duração do trabalho na sistemática de proteção da saúde e da segurança no ambiente laboral. Esse movimento implica, ainda, na crescente intensificação do trabalho por meio da distribuição cada vez mais heterogênea das horas de trabalho.
A clássica distinção entre trabalho e não-trabalho, mediante a fixação de limites claros de jornada, tal como conquistada no Estado Social e consolidada no Estado Democrático de Direito, passa por um processo de evanscimento. Essa dinâmica transparece com a implementação de regimes de trabalho delimitados sob parâmetros médios (bancos de horas e adaptabilidade) cada vez mais alargados, a desconsideração do cômputo na jornada de lapsos de inatividade em que o empregado permanece adstrito à atividade laboral, o sacrifício cada vez mais evidente dos períodos de descanso etc.
A pesquisa cuida, portanto, da análise pontual dos elementos jurídicos conformadores da dimensão temporal do trabalho nos dois ordenamentos, seguida da comparação estrutural entre eles, sempre acompanhada dos delineamentos jurisprudenciais respectivos, assim como do pano de fundo constitucional e da normativa internacional incidente.
The present comparative study between Brazilian and Portuguese’s systematic of working time regulations seeks to question the goals aimed and the results achieved by these nations, mainly, afterwards the recently reforms on the respective labour legislations. This requires taking account of the economic restructuring process that reshaped labour law basis on worldwide. At a more specific approach, the study proposes examination of the neoliberal model’s rupture on 2008th financial crash, as also of the Brazilian political crisis, as of 2015, which resulted on the troubled government shifting. According to the labour law concept on neoliberal basis, that is, while instrument to promote companies competitiveness, this field of law turns to be faced as the prompt remedy of the economic crisis that systematically hatches upon nations, mainly, the peripheral ones. The absence of commercial borders on the global net, enhanced by the development of information technology and telecommunications, increases the minor industrialized nation’s dependence in relation to the private capital. Consequently, labour costs become to be marked as currency on a patent race to the bottom, fostered by sovereignty lacked States and inevitably featured by workers. The recent legislative changes faced by the two studying countries denote this labour law instrumentalisation. It reflects the tendency of the labour law flexibilization process throughout detaching working time regulation from the systematic of health and safety on labour environment. This tendency implies also on growing intensification through increasingly heterogeneity of the working hours’ distribution. The classic distinguishing of work and non-work, upon setting clear working time borders, such as built on Welfare State’s and consolidated on Democratic Constitutional’s, faces an evanescence process. This dynamic expresses itself as the working time is delimited on increasingly extended average basis, the inactivity time lapses on working related conditions are disqualified as hour of work, the free time sacrifice increases etc. So, the study points the law elements that conforms the temporal working time dimension at the two legal systems, followed by their structural comparison, always associated with respective jurisprudence and the constitutional and international normative grounds.
The present comparative study between Brazilian and Portuguese’s systematic of working time regulations seeks to question the goals aimed and the results achieved by these nations, mainly, afterwards the recently reforms on the respective labour legislations. This requires taking account of the economic restructuring process that reshaped labour law basis on worldwide. At a more specific approach, the study proposes examination of the neoliberal model’s rupture on 2008th financial crash, as also of the Brazilian political crisis, as of 2015, which resulted on the troubled government shifting. According to the labour law concept on neoliberal basis, that is, while instrument to promote companies competitiveness, this field of law turns to be faced as the prompt remedy of the economic crisis that systematically hatches upon nations, mainly, the peripheral ones. The absence of commercial borders on the global net, enhanced by the development of information technology and telecommunications, increases the minor industrialized nation’s dependence in relation to the private capital. Consequently, labour costs become to be marked as currency on a patent race to the bottom, fostered by sovereignty lacked States and inevitably featured by workers. The recent legislative changes faced by the two studying countries denote this labour law instrumentalisation. It reflects the tendency of the labour law flexibilization process throughout detaching working time regulation from the systematic of health and safety on labour environment. This tendency implies also on growing intensification through increasingly heterogeneity of the working hours’ distribution. The classic distinguishing of work and non-work, upon setting clear working time borders, such as built on Welfare State’s and consolidated on Democratic Constitutional’s, faces an evanescence process. This dynamic expresses itself as the working time is delimited on increasingly extended average basis, the inactivity time lapses on working related conditions are disqualified as hour of work, the free time sacrifice increases etc. So, the study points the law elements that conforms the temporal working time dimension at the two legal systems, followed by their structural comparison, always associated with respective jurisprudence and the constitutional and international normative grounds.
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Direito do trabalho Tempo de trabalho Horário de trabalho Saúde e segurança no trabalho Direito comparado Brasil Portugal Teses de mestrado - 2019