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A Colite Ulcerosa e a Doença de Crohn são doenças crónicas, de natureza autoimune que fazem parte da Doença Inflamatória Intestinal. Pode manifestar-se em qualquer idade porém cerca de 1/4 dos diagnósticos são feitos em idade pediátrica. Nestas doenças, apesar do predomínio da sintomatologia gastrointestinal, as manifestações extraintestinais coexistem frequentemente contribuindo para o aumento da morbilidade. A meta terapêutica atual inclui a remissão endoscópica da doença e a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos doentes.
Para assegurar o adequado controlo da doença são necessárias várias consultas em múltiplas especialidades, internamentos recorrentes, realização de procedimentos invasivos e ainda a necessidade do doente aderir a regimes terapêuticos complexos. Tudo isto se torna mais desafiante quando se trata de doentes em idade pediátrica, que engloba uma faixa etária ampla e suas famílias ou cuidadores.
Neste contexto pretendo enfatizar a importância da Auto-Gestão ou “Self-Management” no doente pediátrico, isto é, a capacidade do doente gerir a sua própria doença, identificar e contornar barreiras que dificultem a adesão ao plano terapêutico de modo que a doença tenha um impacto mínimo no seu desenvolvimento biopsicossocial. De igual modo pretendo abordar a transição para adulto, clarificando a sua relevância e deixando algumas recomendações. Pretendo interligar estes conceitos e deixar claro a necessidade de complementar a vertente farmacológica com medidas comportamentais e organizacionais. Para tal esta revisão de literatura será baseada na mais recente evidência da literatura científica priorizando revisões sistemáticas sobre opiniões de peritos sempre que possível.
Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn Disease are chronic autoimmune diseases included in the designation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). IBD diagnosis can occur in any age group but ¼ of the diagnosis are made in pediatric age. Despite of the predominance of gastrointestinal symptoms, extraintestinal manifestations can be frequent and contribute to high morbidity. Current treatment strategies aim endoscopic remission and patient’s quality of life improvement. In order to ensure adequate disease control, patients often need several appointments in multiple specialties, recurrent hospital admissions, invasive procedures and the adhesion to highly complex therapeutic regimens. This is even more challenging in pediatrics patients as it concerns a wide age range, families or caregivers. In this context I pretend to highlight the importance of Self Management in pediatric patients that involves the capacity to manage their own illness, identify and overcome barriers that difficult adhesion to the therapeutic plan so the disease has minimal impact on their biopsychossocial development. Transition to Adult care its relevance and current recommendations will also be approached. I intend to relate the concepts and emphasize the importance of complement the pharmacological component with behavioral and organizational measures. To do so this literature review will be supported by the most recent scientific evidence and whenever possible systematic reviews will be prioritized over expert opinions.
Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn Disease are chronic autoimmune diseases included in the designation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). IBD diagnosis can occur in any age group but ¼ of the diagnosis are made in pediatric age. Despite of the predominance of gastrointestinal symptoms, extraintestinal manifestations can be frequent and contribute to high morbidity. Current treatment strategies aim endoscopic remission and patient’s quality of life improvement. In order to ensure adequate disease control, patients often need several appointments in multiple specialties, recurrent hospital admissions, invasive procedures and the adhesion to highly complex therapeutic regimens. This is even more challenging in pediatrics patients as it concerns a wide age range, families or caregivers. In this context I pretend to highlight the importance of Self Management in pediatric patients that involves the capacity to manage their own illness, identify and overcome barriers that difficult adhesion to the therapeutic plan so the disease has minimal impact on their biopsychossocial development. Transition to Adult care its relevance and current recommendations will also be approached. I intend to relate the concepts and emphasize the importance of complement the pharmacological component with behavioral and organizational measures. To do so this literature review will be supported by the most recent scientific evidence and whenever possible systematic reviews will be prioritized over expert opinions.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2020
Palavras-chave
Doença inflamatória intestinal Colite ulcerosa Doença de Crohn Auto-gestão Transição para adulto Pediatria
