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Dificuldades de regulação econômica : assimetrias informativas e mercados de concorrência imperfeita
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Este trabalho, desenvolvido no âmbito do Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Econômicas da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Lisboa/Portugal, busca compreender os fundamentos e objetivos da atuação pública regulatória, assim como as suas dificuldades, identificando quais os interesses envolvidos, e
possivelmente resguardados, e a legitimidade dos efeitos perseguidos. Para tanto, demonstra-se que os mercados estão naturalmente alicerçados sobre um amplo grau de assimetria informativa e como as instabilidades decorrentes desta incompletude informativa afeta a eficiência e a concreção do interesse coletivo, possuindo o estado o importante papel de superar esta deficiência informativa, resguardando, ao final, a preservação da própria indústria regulada. No mesmo sentido, este trabalho se debruça sobre os mercados de concorrência imperfeita, campo de atuação regulatória por excelência, identificando a perda de bem-estar e ineficiência a locativa decorrente da falta de competição nestes cenários econômicos, que ensejariam, em regra, a intervenção regulatória, assim como analisa as reais aptidões do regulador de conduzi-los à concreção do bem-estar social. Enfim, se busca analisar as nuances que permeiam o processo regulatório, que refletem tanto as intemperes dos sistemas econômicos, como as vicissitudes dos processos políticos, dificultando o implemento de regulamentos eficientes, sendo potencialmente responsável por uma gama significativa de ineficiências e desequilíbrios econômicos, que se traduzem em
perda de bem-estar social e desperdício de recursos em atividades improdutivas de colusão e captura. Neste sentido, ver-se-á que o mercado livre possui o condão de disciplinar de modo mais eficiente e a menor custo o comportamento dos agentes econômicos, conduzindo-os endogenamente à maximização do
bem-estar social, ainda que em cenários concentrados, devendo ter a regulação um papel extraordinário e excepcional. Tenta-se, enfim, demonstrar que a regulação e a desregulamentação são, portanto, faces de um mesmo processo, que se desencadeia no seio de uma economia complexa e multidisciplinar.
This work, developed under the Master in Legal and Economic Sciences of the Law Faculty of the University of Lisbon / Portugal, seeks to understand the fundamentals and objectives of the regulatory public performance as well as their difficulties, identifying the interests involved, and possibly uphold and the legitimacy of the persecuted effects. Therefore, it is demonstrated that markets are naturally grounded on a wide degree of assimetric information and as the instabilities resulting from this informative incompleteness affects the efficiency and concreteness of the collective interest, having the state the important role to overcome this informational deficiency, safeguarding, in the end, the own regulated industry. Similarly, this work focuses on the imperfectly competitive markets, regulatory playing field par excellence, identifying the welfare loss and allocative inefficiency due to lack of competition in these economic scenarios that would give rise, as a rule, the regulatory intervention as well as analyzes the real capabilities of the regulator to lead them to the concretion of social welfare. Finally, it seeks to analyze the nuances that permeate the regulatory process, which reflect both intemperes of economic systems, as the vicissitudes of political processes, making it difficult to implement efficient regulations, being potentially responsible for a significant range of inefficiencies and economic imbalances, which translate into welfare loss and waste of resources in unproductive collusion and capture activities. In this sense, it will be seen that the free market has the power to discipline more efficiently and at lower cost the behavior of economic agents, leading them endogenously for the maximization of social welfare, although in concentrated scenarios, should the regulamentation to have an extraordinary and exceptional role. Tries, to finally, demonstrate that the regulation and deregulation are, therefore, sides the same process, that triggers within a complex, multidisciplinary economy.
This work, developed under the Master in Legal and Economic Sciences of the Law Faculty of the University of Lisbon / Portugal, seeks to understand the fundamentals and objectives of the regulatory public performance as well as their difficulties, identifying the interests involved, and possibly uphold and the legitimacy of the persecuted effects. Therefore, it is demonstrated that markets are naturally grounded on a wide degree of assimetric information and as the instabilities resulting from this informative incompleteness affects the efficiency and concreteness of the collective interest, having the state the important role to overcome this informational deficiency, safeguarding, in the end, the own regulated industry. Similarly, this work focuses on the imperfectly competitive markets, regulatory playing field par excellence, identifying the welfare loss and allocative inefficiency due to lack of competition in these economic scenarios that would give rise, as a rule, the regulatory intervention as well as analyzes the real capabilities of the regulator to lead them to the concretion of social welfare. Finally, it seeks to analyze the nuances that permeate the regulatory process, which reflect both intemperes of economic systems, as the vicissitudes of political processes, making it difficult to implement efficient regulations, being potentially responsible for a significant range of inefficiencies and economic imbalances, which translate into welfare loss and waste of resources in unproductive collusion and capture activities. In this sense, it will be seen that the free market has the power to discipline more efficiently and at lower cost the behavior of economic agents, leading them endogenously for the maximization of social welfare, although in concentrated scenarios, should the regulamentation to have an extraordinary and exceptional role. Tries, to finally, demonstrate that the regulation and deregulation are, therefore, sides the same process, that triggers within a complex, multidisciplinary economy.
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Direito da concorrência Regulação económica Economia de mercado Teses de mestrado - 2016