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Adaptabilidade de carreira e competências na transição do ensino superior para o mercado de trabalho : uma perspetiva construtivista
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Abstract(s)
A presente investigação pretende contribuir para a compreensão de como podem os indivíduos preparar e planear uma carreira num mundo de incertezas e em constante mudança; que competências afinal são realmente importantes, necessárias adquirir e desenvolver para integrar o mercado de trabalho e fomentar a empregabilidade dos indivíduos; que papéis podem as Instituições de Ensino Superior assumir neste domínio. Partindo do modelo de adaptabilidade de carreira (Savickas, 2002, 2005), e do modelo de competências genéricas (Spencer & Spencer, 1993), a Escala sobre Adaptabilidade e o Inventário sobre Competências, foram aplicados a uma amostra de 465 adultos finalistas e recém-diplomados. As medidas evidenciam boas qualidades psicométricas, designadamente de validade de constructo e de precisão. Confirma-se que o modelo de medida de adaptabilidade de carreira é hierárquico e multidimensional (os 4 C’s da carreira - preocupação, curiosidade, controlo e confiança). Na análise de resultados, destacam-se as médias mais elevadas nas dimensões Controlo e Confiança e nas competências Capacidade e vontade de aprender, Flexibilidade e Iniciativa. Os estudos diferenciais sugerem que as mulheres apresentam uma adaptabilidade de carreira mais elevada, e exibem maior preocupação e curiosidade. As mulheres tendem a atribuir maior importância às soft skills e às hard skills do que os homens. A formação académica e a situação profissional não diferenciam a adaptabilidade de carreira. Os participantes com formação em Ciências da Educação e Psicologia atribuem maior importância às soft skills do que os de Direito e de Ciências da Cultura. Os estudos correlacionais sugerem que os participantes que manifestam maior adaptabilidade de carreira tendem a atribuir uma maior importância às competências para a entrada no mercado de trabalho, em particular, às soft skills. Os resultados evidenciam que o curriculum do curso é relevante para o desenvolvimento de competências técnicas e específicas, assim como de competências transversais. Apresentam-se, no final, algumas considerações sobre a importância e relevância do desenvolvimento de recursos de adaptabilidade e de competências transversais na construção da carreira dos indivíduos.
The present research aims to contribute to the understanding of how individuals can prepare and plan a career in a uncertainty and constantly changing world; what skills are really important after all, what needs to be acquired and developed to integrate the labor market and foster the employability of individuals; and what roles can higher education institutions must take in this domain. Based on the career adaptability model (Savickas, 2002, 2005), and the generic competency model (Spencer & Spencer, 1993), the Career Adapt-Abilites Scale and the Skills Inventory were applied to a sample of 465 finalists and newly graduated adults. The measures show good psychometric qualities, including construct validity and precision. It is confirmed that the career adaptability measurement model is hierarchical and multidimensional (the 4 C's of career - Concern, Curiosity, Control and Confidence). In the results analysis, its highlight the highest means in the dimensions of Control and Confidence and in the skills Capacity and willingness to learn, Flexibility and Initiative. Differential studies suggest that women have a higher career adaptability and exhibit greater concern and curiosity. Women tend to attach more importance to soft skills and hard skills than men do. Academic background and professional situation do not differentiate career adaptability. Participants with a background in Educational Sciences and Psychology attach greater importance to soft skills than Law and Cultural Sciences. The correlational studies suggest that the participants who show greater adaptability of career tend to assign greater importance to the competences needed for entry into the labor market, in particular, soft skills. The results show that the curriculum of the course is relevant for the development of technical and specific skills, as well as transversal competences. Lastly, some considerations about the importance and relevance of the adaptability resources development and transversal competences in the construction of the individuals' career are presented.
The present research aims to contribute to the understanding of how individuals can prepare and plan a career in a uncertainty and constantly changing world; what skills are really important after all, what needs to be acquired and developed to integrate the labor market and foster the employability of individuals; and what roles can higher education institutions must take in this domain. Based on the career adaptability model (Savickas, 2002, 2005), and the generic competency model (Spencer & Spencer, 1993), the Career Adapt-Abilites Scale and the Skills Inventory were applied to a sample of 465 finalists and newly graduated adults. The measures show good psychometric qualities, including construct validity and precision. It is confirmed that the career adaptability measurement model is hierarchical and multidimensional (the 4 C's of career - Concern, Curiosity, Control and Confidence). In the results analysis, its highlight the highest means in the dimensions of Control and Confidence and in the skills Capacity and willingness to learn, Flexibility and Initiative. Differential studies suggest that women have a higher career adaptability and exhibit greater concern and curiosity. Women tend to attach more importance to soft skills and hard skills than men do. Academic background and professional situation do not differentiate career adaptability. Participants with a background in Educational Sciences and Psychology attach greater importance to soft skills than Law and Cultural Sciences. The correlational studies suggest that the participants who show greater adaptability of career tend to assign greater importance to the competences needed for entry into the labor market, in particular, soft skills. The results show that the curriculum of the course is relevant for the development of technical and specific skills, as well as transversal competences. Lastly, some considerations about the importance and relevance of the adaptability resources development and transversal competences in the construction of the individuals' career are presented.
Description
Tese de doutoramento, Psicologia (Psicologia dos Recursos Humanos, do Trabalho e das Organizações), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2018
Keywords
Teses de doutoramento - 2018