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Liberalização dos mercados eléctricos do Reino Unido e da Península Ibérica: um olhar sobre os processos
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Resumo(s)
O sector eléctrico tem sofrido desde à 20 anos grandes alterações na sua lógica de negócio, quer em termos políticos, quer em termos de organização ou técnicos. Até aos anos 70 a palavra de ordem era a de dotar todas as populações com energia eléctrica, investindo o necessário para que esses objectivos fossem alcançados. Para garantir a viabilidade das empresas após investimentos tão avultados, seguiu-se um longo período em que imperaram os gigantes monopolistas, estatais e com estruturas de custos com grandes ineficiências, as quais foram-se agravando, com repercussões negativas no serviço prestado aos consumidores, mantendo-se até aos anos 80 e 90. É então que se dá uma mudança de política em relação a este sector, dando-se início à implementação da liberalização do sector com a consequente criação de mercados concorrenciais. Esta estratégia baseia-se na convicção de que num mercado concorrencial conseguem-se ganhos de eficiência, permitindo baixar os custos e, com isso, beneficiar os consumidores. É tendo este movimento presente que neste trabalho apresenta-se um estudo comparativo entre dois processos de liberalização (Reino Unido e Península Ibérica) deste sector, de grande importância dados os seus sucessos e ideias subjacentes aos aspectos legislativos, regulatórios e técnicos que os conduziram.
The electric sector has suffered in the last 20 years great alterations in its logic from business, in terms of politicians, of organization or technician. Until 70 years the word of order was to endow all the populations with electric energy, investing the necessary one so that these objectives were reached. To guarantee the viability of the companies, after these great investments, followed a long period where the monopolists giants had reigned, owned by State and with a cost structure without efficiency, which had been aggravating, with negative repercussions in the service given to the consumers, even until years 80's and 90's. At this time, a change of politics happens in relation to this sector, giving itself beginning to the implementation of the liberalization of the sector with the consequent creation of competition markets. This strategy is based on the certainty of that in a competition market, efficiency profits are obtained, having allowed to lower the costs and, with this, to benefit the consumers. It is having this present movement that, in this work, it presents a comparative study enters two processes of liberalization (United Kingdom and Iberian Peninsula) of this sector, of great importance given to its successes and underlying ideas to the legislative, regulatory aspects and technician that had lead them.
The electric sector has suffered in the last 20 years great alterations in its logic from business, in terms of politicians, of organization or technician. Until 70 years the word of order was to endow all the populations with electric energy, investing the necessary one so that these objectives were reached. To guarantee the viability of the companies, after these great investments, followed a long period where the monopolists giants had reigned, owned by State and with a cost structure without efficiency, which had been aggravating, with negative repercussions in the service given to the consumers, even until years 80's and 90's. At this time, a change of politics happens in relation to this sector, giving itself beginning to the implementation of the liberalization of the sector with the consequent creation of competition markets. This strategy is based on the certainty of that in a competition market, efficiency profits are obtained, having allowed to lower the costs and, with this, to benefit the consumers. It is having this present movement that, in this work, it presents a comparative study enters two processes of liberalization (United Kingdom and Iberian Peninsula) of this sector, of great importance given to its successes and underlying ideas to the legislative, regulatory aspects and technician that had lead them.
Descrição
Mestrado em Economia e Política da Energia e Ambiente
Palavras-chave
Electricidade Política Energética Regulação Concorrência Liberalização dos Mercados Utilities Mercado Eléctrico de Electricidade Electricity Energy Politics Regulation Competition Market Liberalization Utilities Iberian Electricity Market
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Mendes, João Pedro Paixão. 2009. "Liberalização dos mercados eléctricos do Reino Unido e da Península Ibérica: um olhar sobre os processos". Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão