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Identificação de Novas Substâncias Psicoativas: Catinonas Sintéticas
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Resumo(s)
As Novas Substâncias Psicoativas (NSP) são substâncias não abrangidas pelas Convenções das Nações Unidas sobre os Estupefacientes e Substâncias Psicotrópicas, na sua essência são drogas não controladas que causam riscos sociais e para a saúde. As NSP atualmente sintetizadas são criadas com o objetivo de reproduzir os mesmos efeitos de drogas existentes e já controladas pela legislação, no entanto não são consideradas ilegais devido a diferenças existentes a nível da sua estrutura molecular. As catinonas sintéticas são o segundo maior grupo de NSP monitorizadas pelo European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), estando quimicamente relacionadas com a catinona, um estimulante psicoativo que provém da planta Khat (Catha edulis). O aparecimento rápido das NSP tomou de surpresa a legislação da maioria dos países Europeus representando graves riscos para a saúde em geral e um desafio de monitorização em constante evolução. Neste trabalho realizou-se a identificação de NSP do grupo das catinonas sintéticas incluindo as suas estruturas químicas, efeitos adversos e mecanismos de ação recorrendo a amostras provenientes de entregas voluntárias, aquando do surgimento do Decreto-Lei nº 54/2013, por parte dos proprietários de “smartshops” em Portugal. As amostras foram preparadas a partir de uma mistura homogénea dos pós das diferentes embalagens representativas de cada lote. A análise destas amostras foi efetuada por GC-MS, e os espetros de massa obtidos foram cruzados com dados existentes em bibliotecas obtendo-se a identificação dos vários constituintes das amostras analisadas. Os resultados permitiram comparar as substâncias analisadas com a evolução das substâncias psicoativas apreendidas pela Polícia Judiciaria no período entre 2009 e 2018, focando principalmente nas seguintes substâncias: mefedrona, metedrona, 4-MEC, metilona, N-etilcatinona e pentedrona. A principal observação que pode ser feita é o facto de algumas das substâncias entregues voluntariamente em 2013, que foram analisadas neste trabalho, e algumas das catinonas sintéticas apreendidas no período entre 2009 e 2013 foram diminuindo nas apreensões dos anos seguintes, provavelmente devido a estas substâncias terem sido tornadas ilegais pelo do Decreto-Lei nº 54/2013. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no âmbito da colaboração entre a Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa (FFUL) e o Laboratório de Polícia Científica da Polícia Judiciária (LPC-PJ).
New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are substances that are not covered by the United Nations Convention on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, in essence, they are uncontrolled drugs that pose social and health risks. Currently synthesized NPS are designed to reproduce the same effects as existing drugs already controlled by legislation but are not considered illegal due to differences in their molecular structure. Synthetic cathinones are the second largest group of NPS monitored by the European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) and are chemically related to natural cathinone, a psychoactive stimulant that comes from the Khat plant (Catha edulis). The rapid emergence of NPS took by surprise the legislation of most European countries posing serious health risks in general and an ever-evolving monitoring challenge. In this work, the NPS of the synthetic cathinone group were identified, including its chemical structures, adverse effects and mechanisms of action, using samples from voluntary deliveries of “smartshops” in Portugal to the Laboratório de Polícia Científica da Polícia Judiciária (LPC-PJ) when Decreto-Lei nº 54/2013 was instituted into the portuguese law. All samples collected by LPC-PJ were divided into different batches; then a homogeneous mixture of powders was prepared from different packages representative of each batch. The analysis of these samples was performed by GC-MS, and the mass spectra obtained were cross-referenced with existing library data aiming to identify the various constituents of the analysed samples. The results made it possible to compare the analysed substances with the evolution of psychoactive substances seized by the LPC-PJ between 2009 and 2018, focusing mainly on the following substances: mephedrone, methedrone, 4-ECM, methylone, N-ethylcatinone and pentedrone. The main observation that can be made is the fact that some of the substances delivered voluntarily in 2013, which were analysed in this paper, and some of the synthetic cathinones seized in the period between 2009 and 2013 were decreasing in apprehension of the following years, probably due to these substances being made illegal by the Decreto-Lei nº 54/2013. The present work was developed as part of the collaboration between Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa (FFUL) and LPC-PJ.
New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are substances that are not covered by the United Nations Convention on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, in essence, they are uncontrolled drugs that pose social and health risks. Currently synthesized NPS are designed to reproduce the same effects as existing drugs already controlled by legislation but are not considered illegal due to differences in their molecular structure. Synthetic cathinones are the second largest group of NPS monitored by the European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) and are chemically related to natural cathinone, a psychoactive stimulant that comes from the Khat plant (Catha edulis). The rapid emergence of NPS took by surprise the legislation of most European countries posing serious health risks in general and an ever-evolving monitoring challenge. In this work, the NPS of the synthetic cathinone group were identified, including its chemical structures, adverse effects and mechanisms of action, using samples from voluntary deliveries of “smartshops” in Portugal to the Laboratório de Polícia Científica da Polícia Judiciária (LPC-PJ) when Decreto-Lei nº 54/2013 was instituted into the portuguese law. All samples collected by LPC-PJ were divided into different batches; then a homogeneous mixture of powders was prepared from different packages representative of each batch. The analysis of these samples was performed by GC-MS, and the mass spectra obtained were cross-referenced with existing library data aiming to identify the various constituents of the analysed samples. The results made it possible to compare the analysed substances with the evolution of psychoactive substances seized by the LPC-PJ between 2009 and 2018, focusing mainly on the following substances: mephedrone, methedrone, 4-ECM, methylone, N-ethylcatinone and pentedrone. The main observation that can be made is the fact that some of the substances delivered voluntarily in 2013, which were analysed in this paper, and some of the synthetic cathinones seized in the period between 2009 and 2013 were decreasing in apprehension of the following years, probably due to these substances being made illegal by the Decreto-Lei nº 54/2013. The present work was developed as part of the collaboration between Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa (FFUL) and LPC-PJ.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2019
Palavras-chave
Novas Substâncias Psicoativas Catinonas Sintéticas Drogas Ilegais Mestrado Integrado - 2019