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A (in)suficiência dos instrumentos constitucionais de defesa da democracia em face do processo de erosão democrática
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Entre avanços e recuos a democracia representativa liberal desenvolveu-se e alcançou seu apogeu ao longo da segunda metade do século passado. Não obstante êxito e mérito próprios, os efeitos da globalização nos assuntos internos dos Estados nação e a sucessão de crises globais de natureza econômica, social e migratória provocaram um sismo na confiança e no prestígio da democracia.
A partir desta constatação o presente trabalho aborda a relação entre a democracia, os instrumentos constitucionais de defesa deste regime político e o processo de erosão democrática.
O primeiro capítulo cuida de estabelecer a essência da democracia, fixar a forma como o princípio democrático se materializa e analisar seu aspecto dual. A partir da relação entre as dimensões procedimentais e materiais pretende-se justificar a legitimidade da adoção de um sistema de defesa da democracia que lhe conceda instrumentos legais para reagir às provocações autoritárias.
O segundo capítulo parte da análise da tensão entre democracia e constitucionalismo e das diversas formas de equacionamento entre as concepções de soberania popular e governo limitado. Reconhecida a possibilidade de conciliação entre as duas formulações aparentemente antagônicas, passa-se a analisar os instrumentos constitucionais de defesa da democracia oriundos da estrutura de defesa da própria Constituição, da qual a democracia constitucionalmente positivada se aproveita. Ao final examina-se a
possibilidade de proibição de partidos políticos antidemocráticos e a forma pela qual a jurisprudência do TEDH tem admitido sua aplicação.
No terceiro capítulo investiga-se os processos de erosão democrática sob uma perspectiva interna, através de suas características e de seus métodos de ação. A erosão democrática também é examinada em seu aspecto externo, como fenômeno global que substituiu a prática de golpes de estado em processos de autocratização. Ao final, investiga-se suas causas, sua vinculação como a ascensão do populismo, as propostas e fórmulas de realizar seu combate.
Between advances and setbacks, liberal representative democracy developed and reached its peak throughout the second half of the last century. Despite its success and merits, the effects of globalization on internal affairs and the succession of global crises of an economic, social and migratory nature have caused an earthquake in the confidence and prestige of democracy. Based on this observation, this work addresses the relationship between democracy, the constitutional instruments to defend the political regime and the process of democratic backsliding. The first chapter takes care of establishing the essence of democracy, establishing the way in which the democratic principle materializes and analyzing its dual aspect. Based on the relationship between the procedural and material dimensions, the aim is to justify the legitimacy of adopting a system of defense of democracy that grants legal instruments to react to authoritarian provocations. The second chapter starts from the analysis of the tension between democracy and constitutionalism and the different ways of equating the concepts of popular sovereignty and limited government. Having recognized the possibility of conciliation between the two apparently antagonistic formulations, we begin to analyze the constitutional instruments for the defense of democracy arising from the defense structure of the constitution itself, which constitutionally positive democracy takes advantage of. Finally, the possibility of banning undemocratic political parties and the way in which the ECHR's jurisprudence has allowed its application is examined. The third chapter investigates the processes of democratic backsliding from an internal perspective, through their characteristics and methods of action. Democratic erosion is also examined in its external aspect, as a global phenomenon that replaced the practice of coups d'état in democratic backsliding. In the end, its causes are analyzed, its connection with the rise of populism, the proposals and formulas for combating it.
Between advances and setbacks, liberal representative democracy developed and reached its peak throughout the second half of the last century. Despite its success and merits, the effects of globalization on internal affairs and the succession of global crises of an economic, social and migratory nature have caused an earthquake in the confidence and prestige of democracy. Based on this observation, this work addresses the relationship between democracy, the constitutional instruments to defend the political regime and the process of democratic backsliding. The first chapter takes care of establishing the essence of democracy, establishing the way in which the democratic principle materializes and analyzing its dual aspect. Based on the relationship between the procedural and material dimensions, the aim is to justify the legitimacy of adopting a system of defense of democracy that grants legal instruments to react to authoritarian provocations. The second chapter starts from the analysis of the tension between democracy and constitutionalism and the different ways of equating the concepts of popular sovereignty and limited government. Having recognized the possibility of conciliation between the two apparently antagonistic formulations, we begin to analyze the constitutional instruments for the defense of democracy arising from the defense structure of the constitution itself, which constitutionally positive democracy takes advantage of. Finally, the possibility of banning undemocratic political parties and the way in which the ECHR's jurisprudence has allowed its application is examined. The third chapter investigates the processes of democratic backsliding from an internal perspective, through their characteristics and methods of action. Democratic erosion is also examined in its external aspect, as a global phenomenon that replaced the practice of coups d'état in democratic backsliding. In the end, its causes are analyzed, its connection with the rise of populism, the proposals and formulas for combating it.
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Democracia Democracia representativa Crise da democracia Teses de mestrado - 2024 Democracy Representative democracy Democratic backsliding