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Realizações e utopias: o património arquitectónico e artístico das Caldas de Monchique na cenografia da paisagem termal
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Resumo(s)
O objectivo do presente estudo foi, antes de mais, coligir a informação dispersa e
tratar de forma crítica a documentação inédita, no sentido de traçar a evolução histórica
do núcleo edificado da estância termal das Caldas de Monchique, desde os vestígios
mais remotos. A abordagem histórico-artística permitiu-nos analisar os modelos
estéticos que ditaram o espírito da época das diferentes campanhas construtivas na
paisagem termal.
Essa perspectiva permitiu deslindar novos elementos acerca dos projectos
elaborados por artistas conceituados, quer tratando-se de propostas concretizadas em
obra, quer de idealizações que não passaram do papel pelos limites bem reais dos
orçamentos disponíveis e pelas conjunturas económicas, políticas ou pelo
desaparecimento repentino das personagens promotoras. Realizações e Utopias
caminharam juntas ao longo da história das termas algarvias, obedecendo sobretudo aos
limites da imaginação dos encomendantes e do talento dos projectistas, especialmente
desde os últimos anos do século XIX e ao longo da centúria seguinte. Modelos
historicistas, ecléticos, discurso ambíguo no Estado Novo e o funcionalismo
contemporâneo foram algumas das correntes que enriqueceram o conjunto edificado das
Caldas de Monchique, dialogando entre si.
Por outro lado, a relação simbiótica entre o património natural e o património
arquitectónico condicionou todos os projectos, pelas particularidades da função termal,
as questões topográficas e a moldura vegetal envolvente contribuiram para ditar, não só
a vertente estrutural, mas também o seu figurino artístico.
E só através da complementaridade entre a estrutura arquitectónica e as
expressões artísticas que decoram o seu interior – especialmente nos espaços de culto –
é possível fazer-se uma leitura integrada da mensagem estética com conteúdo,
abarcando peças autenticamente barrocas, bem como outras de figurino revivalista que
aumentam a dimensão cenográfica da arquitectura tradicionalista.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to collect scattered information and treat critically the unpublished documentation in order to trace the historical evolution of the architecture of Caldas de Monchique, from the remotest trace. The history of art approach allowed us to analyze the aesthetic models that dictated the zeitgeist of different constructive campaigns in this unique algarvian thermal landscape. This perspective allowed us to unravel new elements of the projects developed by famous artists, both in the case of implemented proposals on site, either idealizations that remained on paper by the real limits of the available budget, political issues or the sudden decease of their promoters. Achievements and Utopias walked together along the history of the spa in the Algarve, obeying the limits of the imagination and talent of those who ordered those projects, especially since the last years of the nineteenth century and throughout the following century. Historic and eclectic models, the ambiguous speech in the Estado Novo regime and contemporary functionalism were some of the chains that have enriched the architecture set of Caldas de Monchique. On the other hand, the symbiotic relationship between the natural and architectural heritage has conditioned all projects, especially because of the peculiarities of the thermal function, the surrounding topography issues and the vegetation surrounding contributed to dictate not only the structural aspect, but also the artistic models. And only through the complementarity between architectural structure and artistic expressions that decorate its interior – especially in religious buildings – it is possible to make an integrated reading of the aesthetic message and its content, covering authentical baroque pieces, as well as other revivalist or traditionalist art objects that increase the scenographic dimension of the architecture.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to collect scattered information and treat critically the unpublished documentation in order to trace the historical evolution of the architecture of Caldas de Monchique, from the remotest trace. The history of art approach allowed us to analyze the aesthetic models that dictated the zeitgeist of different constructive campaigns in this unique algarvian thermal landscape. This perspective allowed us to unravel new elements of the projects developed by famous artists, both in the case of implemented proposals on site, either idealizations that remained on paper by the real limits of the available budget, political issues or the sudden decease of their promoters. Achievements and Utopias walked together along the history of the spa in the Algarve, obeying the limits of the imagination and talent of those who ordered those projects, especially since the last years of the nineteenth century and throughout the following century. Historic and eclectic models, the ambiguous speech in the Estado Novo regime and contemporary functionalism were some of the chains that have enriched the architecture set of Caldas de Monchique. On the other hand, the symbiotic relationship between the natural and architectural heritage has conditioned all projects, especially because of the peculiarities of the thermal function, the surrounding topography issues and the vegetation surrounding contributed to dictate not only the structural aspect, but also the artistic models. And only through the complementarity between architectural structure and artistic expressions that decorate its interior – especially in religious buildings – it is possible to make an integrated reading of the aesthetic message and its content, covering authentical baroque pieces, as well as other revivalist or traditionalist art objects that increase the scenographic dimension of the architecture.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Arte, Património e Teoria do Restauro, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2013
Palavras-chave
Caldas de Monchique - Monchique (Portugal) Património termal - Portugal Estâncias termais - Portugal Teses de mestrado - 2014