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Costs and consequences of the Portuguese needle-exchange program in community pharmacies

2020Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorBorges, Margarida
dc.contributor.authorGouveia, Miguel
dc.contributor.authorFiorentino, Francesca
dc.contributor.authorJesus, Gonçalo
dc.contributor.authorCary, Maria
dc.contributor.authorGuerreiro, José Pedro
dc.contributor.authorCosta, Suzete
dc.contributor.authorCarneiro, António Vaz
dc.date.accessioned2020-07-21T11:06:17Z
dc.date.available2020-07-21T11:06:17Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description© The Author(s) 2020. Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissionspt_PT
dc.description.abstractBackground: Needle-exchange programs (NEPs) reduce infections in people who inject drugs. This study assesses the impact community pharmacies have had in the Needle-Exchange Program in Portugal since 2015. Methods: Health gains were measured by the number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections averted, which were estimated, in each scenario, based on a standard model in the literature, calibrated to national data. The costs per infection were taken from national literature; costs of manufacturing, logistics and incineration of injection materials were also considered. The results were presented as net costs (i.e., incremental costs of the program with community pharmacies less the costs of additional infections avoided). Results: Considering a 5-year horizon, the Needle Exchange Program with community pharmacies would account for a 6.8% (n = 25) and a 6.5% reduction (n = 22) of HCV and HIV infections, respectively. The present value of net savings generated by the participation of community pharmacies in the program was estimated at €2,073,347. The average discounted net benefit per syringe exchanged is €3.01, already taking into account a payment to community pharmacies per needle exchanged. Interpretation: We estimate that the participation of community pharmacies in the Needle Exchange Program will lead to a reduction of HIV and HCV infections and will generate over €2 million in savings for the health system. Conclusions: The intervention is estimated to generate better health outcomes at lower costs, contributing to improving the efficiency of the public health system in Portugal.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationCan Pharm J (Ott). 2020;153(3):170-178pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/1715163520915744pt_PT
dc.identifier.eissn1913-701X
dc.identifier.issn1715-1635
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10451/44073
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherSAGE Publicationspt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://journals.sagepub.com/home/cphpt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.titleCosts and consequences of the Portuguese needle-exchange program in community pharmaciespt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage178pt_PT
oaire.citation.issue3pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage170pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleCanadian Pharmacists Journalpt_PT
oaire.citation.volume153pt_PT
person.familyNameBorges
person.familyNameFiorentino
person.familyNameVaz Carneiro
person.givenNameMargarida
person.givenNameFrancesca
person.givenNameAntónio
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8563-6846
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-2092-3593
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-2783-0544
person.identifier.ridL-8026-2013
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7102828573
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7006837792
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationa414c62c-f8d0-447e-b0bc-779588853440
relation.isAuthorOfPublication592bac22-e0f9-4867-9e4f-9f966119fc7a
relation.isAuthorOfPublication376d157f-1127-4663-9d99-038dac28f37d
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoverya414c62c-f8d0-447e-b0bc-779588853440

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