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Rastreio de agentes de doenças caninas de transmissão vectorial numa população de cães com funções militares e policiais
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Resumo(s)
O presente estudo reporta um rastreio de doenças caninas de transmissão vectorial (do
inglês Canine Vector Borne Diseases – CVBD) em cães polícias/militares da Guarda
Nacional Republicana (GNR). Nos últimos anos as CVBD representam uma problemática
crescente na Europa, em virtude da alteração/expansão dos padrões de distribuição em
regiões endémicas e não endémicas. Em Portugal os cães estão expostos à infecção por
vários agentes transmitidos por vectores, como protozoários, bactérias e helmintes.
Carraças, flebótomos e mosquitos são alguns dos vectores, destes agentes, no cão. Por
estarem frequentemente expostos a habitats propícios ao desenvolvimento de vectores, os
cães com funções militares ou policiais estão entre os grupos de risco, embora actualmente
não se disponham de dados relativos ao impacto destes agentes em cães de trabalho
assintomáticos.
De modo a contribuir para este conhecimento, colheram-se amostras de sangue total de 129
cães assintomáticos do efectivo da GNR e procedeu-se a um rastreio de agentes
transmitidos por vectores. As amostras foram pesquisadas pelo teste de Knott e esfregaço
sanguíneo para a presença de microfilárias e hemoparasitas, como Babesia, Mycoplasma,
Ehrlichia, Hepatozoon e Anaplasma; foi ainda realizada Imunofluorescência Indirecta (IFI)
para detecção de anticorpos de Leishmania infantum. Um total de oito cães (6,2%)
demonstrou infecção por um único agente: três positivos para Mycoplasma spp. (2,3%), dois
evidenciaram presença de anticorpos anti-Leishmania infantum (1,6%), assim como dois
casos de Babesia spp. (1,6%), e um de microfilárias de Dirofilaria immitis (0,8%).
Apesar de todas as medidas direccionadas para a prevenção de CVBD, estes resultados
devem suscitar um alerta sobre a exposição à infecção desta população de cães
polícias/militares. Adicionalmente, este rastreio foi efectuado em animais assintomáticos, um
contexto que não favorece a sensibilidade de alguns dos métodos de detecção usados, e
como tal, estes resultados podem subestimar o número real de infecções na população.
Finalmente, alguns dos agentes de CVBD apresentam risco zoonótico, pelo que animais
infectados de forma sub-clínica tornam-se reservatórios inaparentes de infecção.
ABSTRACT - Survey of canine vector borne diseases in police/militay working dogs - The following study reports a survey for Canine Vector Borne Diseases (CVBD) on military and police working dogs from Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR – Portuguese Republican National Guard) a security force with military status. In recent years, CVBD have been a major issue in Europe due to changing/expanding distribution patterns along endemic and previously non-endemic areas. In Portugal, dogs are at risk of becoming infected by different vector-borne pathogens, including protozoa, bacteria, and helminths. Ticks, phlebotomine sand flies, and mosquitoes are recognized as vectors of some of these pathogens in dogs. Military and police working dogs are among the high risk groups by being frequently exposed to habitats suitable for vector development, though data concerning the impact of these agents among asymptomatic working dogs is not available. To address this issue, whole blood samples were collected from 129 assymptomatic GNR police/military dogs and screened for vector-borne pathogens. The Knott test and Giemsa stained blood smears were performed on all samples, to detect the presence of microfilarie and hemoparasites such as Babesia, Mycoplasma, Ehrlichia, Hepatozoon and Anaplasma; as well as an Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Technique (IFAT) to detect Leishmania infantum antibodies. A total of 8 dogs (6,2%) showed single infections by one of these agents: three dogs (2,3%) were positive for Mycoplasma spp. (presumably Mycoplasma haemocanis); Leishmania infantum antibodies were present in two dogs (1,6 %); Babesia spp. was also identified in 2 dogs (1,6%); and Dirofilaria immitis microfilarie were present in one dog (0,8%). Despite all measures already applied to prevent CVBD, these findings raise some concern over the exposure to infection in these police/military working dogs. Furthermore, the screening was conducted on asymptomatic animals, which do not provide the optimal targets for some of the methods applied here, and therefore it is possible that these results underestimate the real number of infections in the sample. Finally, sub clinically infected dogs can be unrecognized reservoirs for some CVBD-causing pathogens that pose a zoonotic concern.
ABSTRACT - Survey of canine vector borne diseases in police/militay working dogs - The following study reports a survey for Canine Vector Borne Diseases (CVBD) on military and police working dogs from Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR – Portuguese Republican National Guard) a security force with military status. In recent years, CVBD have been a major issue in Europe due to changing/expanding distribution patterns along endemic and previously non-endemic areas. In Portugal, dogs are at risk of becoming infected by different vector-borne pathogens, including protozoa, bacteria, and helminths. Ticks, phlebotomine sand flies, and mosquitoes are recognized as vectors of some of these pathogens in dogs. Military and police working dogs are among the high risk groups by being frequently exposed to habitats suitable for vector development, though data concerning the impact of these agents among asymptomatic working dogs is not available. To address this issue, whole blood samples were collected from 129 assymptomatic GNR police/military dogs and screened for vector-borne pathogens. The Knott test and Giemsa stained blood smears were performed on all samples, to detect the presence of microfilarie and hemoparasites such as Babesia, Mycoplasma, Ehrlichia, Hepatozoon and Anaplasma; as well as an Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Technique (IFAT) to detect Leishmania infantum antibodies. A total of 8 dogs (6,2%) showed single infections by one of these agents: three dogs (2,3%) were positive for Mycoplasma spp. (presumably Mycoplasma haemocanis); Leishmania infantum antibodies were present in two dogs (1,6 %); Babesia spp. was also identified in 2 dogs (1,6%); and Dirofilaria immitis microfilarie were present in one dog (0,8%). Despite all measures already applied to prevent CVBD, these findings raise some concern over the exposure to infection in these police/military working dogs. Furthermore, the screening was conducted on asymptomatic animals, which do not provide the optimal targets for some of the methods applied here, and therefore it is possible that these results underestimate the real number of infections in the sample. Finally, sub clinically infected dogs can be unrecognized reservoirs for some CVBD-causing pathogens that pose a zoonotic concern.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Cães polícias e militares CVBD Babesia Mycoplasma Leishmania Dirofilaria IFI Knott esfregaço sanguíneo police/military working dogs IFAT Knott blood smear
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Vidal, R.A.C. (2013). Rastreio de agentes de doenças caninas de transmissão vectorial numa população de cães com funções militares e policiais. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Lisboa.
Editora
Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária