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Drug delivery systems obtained by 3d-printing
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Desde a sua introdução no final do século XX, a impressão tridimensional (3D) tem sido objeto de contínua compreensão e aperfeiçoamento, o que resultou num aumento significativo da robustez e credibilidade desta tecnologia. Dadas as suas aplicações em vários domínios da medicina, incluindo a ortodontia e a ortopedia, tem-se verificado um interesse crescente na sua implementação na indústria farmacêutica. O potencial para uma manipulação mais precisa de diferentes materiais é considerado uma mais-valia, tornando esta tecnologia particularmente atrativa particularmente no contexto da investigação e fabrico de sistemas de veiculação de fármacos. Adicionalmente, um benefício importante da impressão 3D é a possibilidade de desenvolver sistemas precisos e personalizados que consigam ultrapassar os desafios de formulação. Estes sistemas podem simplificar casos de polimedicação, promover a adesão dos doentes ao tratamento, aumentar a eficácia terapêutica e reduzir os efeitos adversos.
Esta revisão procurou fornecer uma visão abrangente sobre os vários aspetos da produção de sistemas de veiculação de fármacos utilizando a impressão 3D. Foram analisadas as vantagens e desvantagens desta tecnologia inovadora na indústria farmacêutica, incluindo uma visão geral dos métodos de impressão mais utilizados, dos biomateriais apropriados e dos compostos mais promissores.
Os estudos revistos foram agrupados de acordo com a escala dimensional (nano, micro e macroescala), apresentando exemplos de diferentes aplicações terapêuticas e formas farmacêuticas. As substâncias ativas mais promissoras na produção de sistemas de libertação de fármacos por impressão 3D foram também consideradas, com destaque para os antibióticos, dada a importância desta classe farmacológica e a necessidade de controlar os seus perfis de libertação. Em cada secção, foram identificadas as principais caraterísticas dos estudos, com o objetivo de fornecer uma fonte de referência que facilite a consulta das publicações por outros investigadores e permita a identificação de novos campos de investigação. Além disso, foi realizada uma análise das aplicações futuras desta tecnologia, incluindo uma avaliação das potenciais implementações a curto prazo e dos desafios que possam surgir.
Since its initial introduction at the end of the 20th century, the three-dimensional (3D) printing has been the subject of ongoing understanding and refinement, which has resulted in a significant increase in robustness and credibility of this technology. Given its applications in various fields of medicine, including orthodontics and orthopedics, there has been a growing interest in its implementation in the pharmaceutical industry. The potential for more precise manipulation of robust biomaterials is seen as an added value, making this technology particularly attractive in the context of research and development of drug delivery systems. Additionally, an important benefit of 3D-printing is the ability to develop accurate and personalised systems that can overcome certain formulation challenges. These systems can simplify cases of polypharmacy, enhance patient adherence to treatment, increase therapeutic efficacy, and reduce adverse effects. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the various aspects of the production of drug delivery systems using 3D-printing. The advantages and disadvantages of this innovative technology in the pharmaceutical industry have been outlined, along with an overview of the most commonly used printing methods, suitable biomaterials, and the most interesting compounds. The reviewed studies were grouped according to dimensional scale (nano-, micro- and macroscale), presenting examples of different therapeutic applications and pharmaceutical forms, which are also presented in summary tables. The most promising active substances for the production of drug delivery systems by 3D-printing were also considered, with a particular focus on antibiotics, given the importance of this pharmacological class and the need to control their release profiles. In each section, the main characteristics of the studies were identified, with the aim of providing a reference source that facilitates the consultation of publications by other researchers and allows for the identification of new areas of investigation. Furthermore, an analysis of the prospective applications of this technology has been conducted, including an evaluation of potential near-term implementations and the challenges that may arise.
Since its initial introduction at the end of the 20th century, the three-dimensional (3D) printing has been the subject of ongoing understanding and refinement, which has resulted in a significant increase in robustness and credibility of this technology. Given its applications in various fields of medicine, including orthodontics and orthopedics, there has been a growing interest in its implementation in the pharmaceutical industry. The potential for more precise manipulation of robust biomaterials is seen as an added value, making this technology particularly attractive in the context of research and development of drug delivery systems. Additionally, an important benefit of 3D-printing is the ability to develop accurate and personalised systems that can overcome certain formulation challenges. These systems can simplify cases of polypharmacy, enhance patient adherence to treatment, increase therapeutic efficacy, and reduce adverse effects. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the various aspects of the production of drug delivery systems using 3D-printing. The advantages and disadvantages of this innovative technology in the pharmaceutical industry have been outlined, along with an overview of the most commonly used printing methods, suitable biomaterials, and the most interesting compounds. The reviewed studies were grouped according to dimensional scale (nano-, micro- and macroscale), presenting examples of different therapeutic applications and pharmaceutical forms, which are also presented in summary tables. The most promising active substances for the production of drug delivery systems by 3D-printing were also considered, with a particular focus on antibiotics, given the importance of this pharmacological class and the need to control their release profiles. In each section, the main characteristics of the studies were identified, with the aim of providing a reference source that facilitates the consultation of publications by other researchers and allows for the identification of new areas of investigation. Furthermore, an analysis of the prospective applications of this technology has been conducted, including an evaluation of potential near-term implementations and the challenges that may arise.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2024, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Impressão 3D Sistemas de libertação de fármacos Antibióticos Microagulhas Scaffolds Mestrado Integrado - 2024