A carregar...
Publicação
Eufemismo na língua portuguesa e chinesa : tradução do eufemismo do chinês para o português, um estudo de caso a partir das obras de Mo Yan (莫言) e Yu Hua (余华)
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.33 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Esta tese investiga o fenómeno do eufemismo sob uma perspetiva linguística e tradutória. Especificamente, o estudo aborda os desafios e as estratégias envolvidas na tradução de eufemismos do chinês para o português, com um foco particular na literatura contemporânea. O eufemismo, como um fenómeno linguístico e sociocultural, desempenha um papel essencial na comunicação, permitindo a suavização de temas sensíveis, a atenuação de tabus e a manifestação de cortesia e respeito ao interlocutor. No entanto, a tradução de eufemismos entre línguas tipologicamente distantes, como o chinês e o português, representa um grande desafio para os tradutores, que devem equilibrar a fidelidade ao texto original e a aceitabilidade cultural na língua de chegada.
A pesquisa centra-se na análise comparativa das traduções de eufemismos nas três obras literárias de dois reconhecidos escritores chineses contemporâneos: Mo Yan, laureado com o Prémio Nobel de Literatura em 2012, e Yu Hua, amplamente traduzido para diversas línguas. Essas obras, ricas em expressões eufemísticas, abordam temas complexos como a morte, a sexualidade, a violência e as tradições sociais. A forma como os eufemismos são utilizados nestes romances reflete tanto a estrutura linguística do chinês como as especificidades culturais da sociedade chinesa.
A metodologia do estudo combina análise textual, semântica e pragmática, além de uma abordagem comparativa entre as traduções diretas e indiretas. Com base na Teoria da Equivalência de Eugene Nida, iniciámos a nossa análise pelo exame dos campos semânticos dos eufemismos presentes nas obras, assim como outros fatores relevantes, tais como métodos de tradução, equivalência formal, semântica e pragmática dos eufemismos. Posteriormente, realizámos uma comparação entre as versões chinesa, inglesa e portuguesa dos textos, a fim de identificar mudanças metodológicas nos processos tradutórios. Além disso, um aspeto inovador da pesquisa incide sobre a investigação da influência da tradução indireta, uma vez que várias traduções da literatura chinesa para o português europeu são realizadas a partir de versões intermediárias em inglês, o que pode acarretar perdas tanto semânticas quanto estilísticas.
A pesquisa revela que, na tradução do chinês para o português, a perda do efeito eufemístico ocorre principalmente em duas situações: (1) quando o eufemismo original é explicitado de forma direta na tradução, tornando-se uma expressão mais objetiva e menos carregada de conotação implícita; e (2) quando o eufemismo é omitido ou substituído por um termo neutro, eliminando a carga cultural e comunicativa do texto original. Outro aspeto relevante identificado na pesquisa é o impacto da tradução indireta na preservação dos eufemismos. A comparação entre a tradução inglesa e a portuguesa do romance Peito mostra que a versão portuguesa (67% com efeito eufemístico), por ser baseada na versão inglesa (74% com efeito eufemístico) e não diretamente no texto chinês, apresenta um maior número de adaptações e explicitações, afastando-se da riqueza semântica e estilística do original. Esse fenómeno levanta questões importantes sobre a fidelidade da tradução indireta e sobre a necessidade de se considerar abordagens que minimizem as perdas culturais e linguísticas nesse processo.
Esta pesquisa contribui para os estudos de tradução ao demonstrar que a equivalência funcional de Nida é eficaz para a tradução de eufemismos, especialmente quando lidamos com línguas estruturalmente distintas como o chinês e o português. A análise também reforça a importância de compreender os contextos culturais subjacentes às expressões eufemísticas, uma vez que a tradução bem-sucedida de um eufemismo não depende apenas da escolha lexical, mas também da adaptação do discurso à norma social e pragmática da língua de chegada.
O presente estudo põe em evidência o papel dos eufemismos na comunicação intercultural e as suas implicações na tradução literária, oferecendo contributos para tradutores que trabalham com textos literários chineses e sugerindo que uma maior atenção à carga semântica e cultural dos eufemismos pode resultar em traduções mais eficazes.
This thesis investigates the phenomenon of euphemism from a linguistic and translational perspective. Specifically, the study addresses the challenges and strategies involved in translating euphemisms from Chinese into Portuguese, with a particular focus on contemporary literature. Euphemism, as a linguistic and sociocultural phenomenon, plays an essential role in communication, allowing for the softening of sensitive topics, the mitigation of taboos, and the expression of politeness and respect toward the interlocutor. However, translating euphemisms between typologically distant languages, such as Chinese and Portuguese, represents a significant challenge for translators, who must balance fidelity to the original text with cultural acceptability in the target language. The research focuses on the comparative analysis of euphemism translations in three literary works by two renowned contemporary Chinese writers: Mo Yan, Nobel Prize laureate in Literature (2012), and Yu Hua, widely translated into various languages. These works, rich in euphemistic expressions, address complex themes such as death, sexuality, violence, and social traditions. The way euphemisms are used in these novels reflects both the linguistic structure of Chinese and the cultural specificities of Chinese society. The study’s methodology combines textual, semantic, and pragmatic analysis, alongside a comparative approach between direct and indirect translations. Based on Eugene Nida’s Equivalence Theory, we begin our analysis by examining the semantic fields of the euphemisms present in the works, as well as other relevant factors such as translation methods, formal equivalence, and the semantic and pragmatic aspects of euphemisms. Subsequently, we conduct a comparison between the Chinese, English, and Portuguese versions of the texts to identify methodological changes in the translation processes. Additionally, an innovative aspect of the research focuses on the influence of indirect translation, as many translations of Chinese literature into European Portuguese are based on intermediary English versions, which may lead to both semantic and stylistic losses. The research reveals that, when translating from Chinese into Portuguese, the loss of euphemistic effect occurs mainly in two situations: (1) when the original euphemism is explicitly stated in the translation, making it a more objective expression with less implicit connotation; and (2) when the euphemism is omitted or replaced with a neutral term, eliminating the cultural and communicative nuances of the original text. Another significant aspect identified in the study is the impact of indirect translation on the preservation of euphemisms. The comparison between the English and Portuguese translations of the novel Peito shows that the Portuguese version (67% with a euphemistic effect), being based on the English version (74% with a euphemistic effect) rather than directly on the Chinese text, contains a higher number of adaptations and explicitations, distancing itself from the semantic and stylistic richness of the original. This phenomenon raises important questions regarding the fidelity of indirect translation and the need to consider approaches that minimize cultural and linguistic losses in this process. This research contributes to translation studies by demonstrating that Nida’s functional equivalence is effective for translating euphemisms, especially when dealing with structurally distinct languages such as Chinese and Portuguese. The analysis also reinforces the importance of understanding the cultural contexts underlying euphemistic expressions, as the successful translation of a euphemism depends not only on lexical choice but also on adapting the discourse to the social and pragmatic norms of the target language. This study highlights the role of euphemisms in intercultural communication and their implications in literary translation, offering valuable insights for translators working with Chinese literary texts. It also suggests that greater attention to the semantic and cultural weight of euphemisms can lead to more effective translations.
This thesis investigates the phenomenon of euphemism from a linguistic and translational perspective. Specifically, the study addresses the challenges and strategies involved in translating euphemisms from Chinese into Portuguese, with a particular focus on contemporary literature. Euphemism, as a linguistic and sociocultural phenomenon, plays an essential role in communication, allowing for the softening of sensitive topics, the mitigation of taboos, and the expression of politeness and respect toward the interlocutor. However, translating euphemisms between typologically distant languages, such as Chinese and Portuguese, represents a significant challenge for translators, who must balance fidelity to the original text with cultural acceptability in the target language. The research focuses on the comparative analysis of euphemism translations in three literary works by two renowned contemporary Chinese writers: Mo Yan, Nobel Prize laureate in Literature (2012), and Yu Hua, widely translated into various languages. These works, rich in euphemistic expressions, address complex themes such as death, sexuality, violence, and social traditions. The way euphemisms are used in these novels reflects both the linguistic structure of Chinese and the cultural specificities of Chinese society. The study’s methodology combines textual, semantic, and pragmatic analysis, alongside a comparative approach between direct and indirect translations. Based on Eugene Nida’s Equivalence Theory, we begin our analysis by examining the semantic fields of the euphemisms present in the works, as well as other relevant factors such as translation methods, formal equivalence, and the semantic and pragmatic aspects of euphemisms. Subsequently, we conduct a comparison between the Chinese, English, and Portuguese versions of the texts to identify methodological changes in the translation processes. Additionally, an innovative aspect of the research focuses on the influence of indirect translation, as many translations of Chinese literature into European Portuguese are based on intermediary English versions, which may lead to both semantic and stylistic losses. The research reveals that, when translating from Chinese into Portuguese, the loss of euphemistic effect occurs mainly in two situations: (1) when the original euphemism is explicitly stated in the translation, making it a more objective expression with less implicit connotation; and (2) when the euphemism is omitted or replaced with a neutral term, eliminating the cultural and communicative nuances of the original text. Another significant aspect identified in the study is the impact of indirect translation on the preservation of euphemisms. The comparison between the English and Portuguese translations of the novel Peito shows that the Portuguese version (67% with a euphemistic effect), being based on the English version (74% with a euphemistic effect) rather than directly on the Chinese text, contains a higher number of adaptations and explicitations, distancing itself from the semantic and stylistic richness of the original. This phenomenon raises important questions regarding the fidelity of indirect translation and the need to consider approaches that minimize cultural and linguistic losses in this process. This research contributes to translation studies by demonstrating that Nida’s functional equivalence is effective for translating euphemisms, especially when dealing with structurally distinct languages such as Chinese and Portuguese. The analysis also reinforces the importance of understanding the cultural contexts underlying euphemistic expressions, as the successful translation of a euphemism depends not only on lexical choice but also on adapting the discourse to the social and pragmatic norms of the target language. This study highlights the role of euphemisms in intercultural communication and their implications in literary translation, offering valuable insights for translators working with Chinese literary texts. It also suggests that greater attention to the semantic and cultural weight of euphemisms can lead to more effective translations.