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Fake News e Integridade Eleitoral: o papel do Poder Judiciário brasileiro no controle da new media (estudo com base nas eleições presidenciais de 2018)
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Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Diante da intensificação do uso de fake news nas campanhas eleitorais pelo mundo, exemplos
de Estados Unidos em 2016 e de Brasil em 2018, inclusive mediante a utilização de
inteligência artificial, levantam-se questionamentos acerca da própria integridade do processo
eleitoral diante de possível vício de vontade do eleitor, em decorrência do fenômeno da
desinformação. Assim, este estudo propõe-se a analisar o papel do Judiciário brasileiro no
controle de novas mídias na perspectiva da ciência política, mas utilizando a
interdisciplinaridade para obter uma visão sistêmica, em face da proximidade com áreas como
o direito, comunicação social e marketing político. É feita inicialmente uma abordagem
teórica, discorrendo-se sobre fake news, contextualizando-se a new media como meio de
proliferação das mesmas, bem assim identificando ações de combate à sua disseminação. Em
paralelo, discorre-se sobre o processo eleitoral democrático e sobre a teoria da democracia
representativa, dos quais se extraem como elementares a participação política digital e a
integridade eleitoral. Também é realizada uma análise sobre a legitimidade de atuação do
Poder Judiciário no controle da new media, especialmente tendo em vista que no Brasil seus
membros não são eleitos diretamente pelo povo. São tecidas considerações, ainda, sobre
liberdade de expressão e proibição de censura. Na parte empírica da investigação apontam-se
as constatações referentes às fake news nas eleições presidenciais brasileiras de 2018 e,
mediante método indutivo, utilizando-se também de pesquisas sobre a preocupação da
população com a desinformação e sobre o grau de confiabilidade da Justiça Eleitoral, equação
que se indica na ponderação entre a liberdade de expressão e a integridade eleitoral, busca-se
chegar ao papel do Poder Judiciário no controle da new media, quer mediante ações
preventivas com destaque para a educação digital, quer pelo controle judicial das redes
sociais, buscando a efetivação de um processo eleitoral democrático.
Given the increased use of fake news in electoral campaigns around the world, examples as the United States in 2016 and Brazil in 2018, including utilization of artificial inteligence, questions are raised about the integrity of the electoral process itself in face of possible elector addiction willing, due to the phenomenon of disinformation. Thereby, this study proposes to analyze the role of the Brazilian Judiciary in controlling new media from the perspective of political science, but using interdisciplinarity to obtain a systemic view, given the proximity to areas such as the law, social communication and political marketing. Initially, a theoretical approach is made, discussing about fake news, contextualizing the new media as the mean of their proliferation, as well as identifying actions to combat its dissemination. In parallel, the democratic electoral process and representative democracy theory are discussed, from which extracts as elementary the digital politics participation and the electoral integrity. Also is accomplished an analysis about the Judiciary role legitimacy in controlling the new media, especially considering that in Brazil its members are not directly elected. Considerations are also made about freedom of expression and prohibition of censorship. The empirical part of the investigation points out the findings regarding fake news in the 2018 Brazilian presidential elections and, through inductive method, also using researches on the population's concern with disinformation and on the degree of reliability of the Electoral Justice, equation that is indicated in the weighting between freedom expression and electoral integrity, the aim is to reach the role of the Judiciary in controlling new media, either through preventive actions with emphasis on digital education, or through judicial control of the new media, seeking to the effectiveness democratic electoral process.
Given the increased use of fake news in electoral campaigns around the world, examples as the United States in 2016 and Brazil in 2018, including utilization of artificial inteligence, questions are raised about the integrity of the electoral process itself in face of possible elector addiction willing, due to the phenomenon of disinformation. Thereby, this study proposes to analyze the role of the Brazilian Judiciary in controlling new media from the perspective of political science, but using interdisciplinarity to obtain a systemic view, given the proximity to areas such as the law, social communication and political marketing. Initially, a theoretical approach is made, discussing about fake news, contextualizing the new media as the mean of their proliferation, as well as identifying actions to combat its dissemination. In parallel, the democratic electoral process and representative democracy theory are discussed, from which extracts as elementary the digital politics participation and the electoral integrity. Also is accomplished an analysis about the Judiciary role legitimacy in controlling the new media, especially considering that in Brazil its members are not directly elected. Considerations are also made about freedom of expression and prohibition of censorship. The empirical part of the investigation points out the findings regarding fake news in the 2018 Brazilian presidential elections and, through inductive method, also using researches on the population's concern with disinformation and on the degree of reliability of the Electoral Justice, equation that is indicated in the weighting between freedom expression and electoral integrity, the aim is to reach the role of the Judiciary in controlling new media, either through preventive actions with emphasis on digital education, or through judicial control of the new media, seeking to the effectiveness democratic electoral process.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência Política
Palavras-chave
Fake news Integridade eleitoral Controle judicial Fake News Electoral integrity Judicial control
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas