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Hiperaldosteronismo primário felino : estudo retrospetivo
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Resumo(s)
O hiperaldosteronismo primário é uma endocrinopatia que se caracteriza pelo excesso de produção de aldosterona. Esta hipersecreção deve-se à síntese autónoma de aldosterona, isto é, independente da estimulação pelo sistema renina-angiotensina, por células adrenais hiperplásicas ou neoplásicas.
Apesar de ainda não existirem estudos sobre a prevalência exata da doença, sabe-se que é uma doença mais comum do que inicialmente se julgava e mais frequente em felinos do que em canídeos. Afeta sobretudo felinos de idade média a avançada, com idade média a rondar os 13 anos.
O excesso de aldosterona sintetizada leva ao aparecimento de hipertensão sistémica e/ou hipocaliémia, que originam, respetivamente, fraqueza muscular e alterações oculares, sinais típicos desta doença.
Nesta dissertação foram estudados quatro casos de felinos diagnosticados com hiperaldosteronismo primário. Os sinais clínicos mais frequentes foram a fraqueza muscular, as alterações oculares e a hipertensão. Todos os felinos apresentavam hipocaliémia e aldosterona elevada. Dois felinos foram tratados cirurgicamente e a análise histopatológica da massa extirpada confirmou a presença de um carcinoma adrenal num caso e de um adenoma adrenal noutro. Dois felinos receberam apenas tratamento médico, um deles com suspeita de hiperplasia adrenal bilateral, detetada por ecografia. Posteriormente, dois dos animais acompanhados desenvolveram insuficiência renal. Atualmente apenas um dos felinos estudados sobrevive.
ABSTRACT - Feline primary hyperaldosteronism: retrospective study - Primary hyperaldosteronism is an endocrinopathy characterized by excessive secretion of aldosterone. This hypersecretion occurs due to autonomous production of aldosterone, i.e, without stimulation of the renin–angiotensina system, by neoplastic or hyperplasic adrenal cells. Although no data are available confirming the true prevalence of this disease, it is assumed that the disease is more common than initially thought and is most prevalent in cats. Affecting, mostly, middle-aged to old cats, with an average age of 13 years. The excessive secretion of aldosterone may lead to systemic hypertension and/or hypokalaemia, originating, respectively, muscular weakness and ocular signs, common clinical symptoms of this disease In this dissertation, four cases of cats diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism were studied. The most prevalent clinical signs were muscular weakness, ocular signs and hypertension. All cats showed hypokalemia and high aldosterone levels. Two cats were treated surgically and the histopathology of tissues collected at surgery confirmed the presence of adrenal carcinoma in a case and adrenal adenoma in the other. Two cats received only medical treatment, one of which showed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia on ultrasonography. Later on, two of the cats developed renal failure. Currently, only one of the cats studied is alive.
ABSTRACT - Feline primary hyperaldosteronism: retrospective study - Primary hyperaldosteronism is an endocrinopathy characterized by excessive secretion of aldosterone. This hypersecretion occurs due to autonomous production of aldosterone, i.e, without stimulation of the renin–angiotensina system, by neoplastic or hyperplasic adrenal cells. Although no data are available confirming the true prevalence of this disease, it is assumed that the disease is more common than initially thought and is most prevalent in cats. Affecting, mostly, middle-aged to old cats, with an average age of 13 years. The excessive secretion of aldosterone may lead to systemic hypertension and/or hypokalaemia, originating, respectively, muscular weakness and ocular signs, common clinical symptoms of this disease In this dissertation, four cases of cats diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism were studied. The most prevalent clinical signs were muscular weakness, ocular signs and hypertension. All cats showed hypokalemia and high aldosterone levels. Two cats were treated surgically and the histopathology of tissues collected at surgery confirmed the presence of adrenal carcinoma in a case and adrenal adenoma in the other. Two cats received only medical treatment, one of which showed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia on ultrasonography. Later on, two of the cats developed renal failure. Currently, only one of the cats studied is alive.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Hiperaldosteronismo primário felino Aldosterona Hipertensão hipocaliémia Feline primary hyperaldosteronism Aldosterone Hypertension Hypokalaemia
Contexto Educativo
Citação
AMBRÓSIO, A. F. B. (2014). Hiperaldosteronismo primário felino : estudo retrospetivo. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Lisboa.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária