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Dois conhecidos apontamentos, de Estrabão e Plínio-o-Velho, constituem as notórias referências
a estabelecimentos militares romanos no baixo Tejo. Desde há longa data a investigação
procurou identificar os seus vestígios materiais, na margem norte do rio, tidos como
posições-chave para as campanhas de conquista em direcção ao norte. Presenças análogas
na zona da Extremadura espanhola, como o grande estabelecimento de Cáceres el Viejo,
são usualmente encaradas como decorrendo de uma outra linha de penetração também
dirigida a paragens setentrionais, mas não relacionada com o ocidente.
O que aqui se propõe é olhar estas duas realidades como partes de uma mesma estratégia,
devidamente articulada, tendo o Tejo como eixo. O registo arqueológico permite identificar
histórias comuns: instalação no último terço do séc. II a.C., refluxo e abandonos
durante o conflito sertoriano, reocupação posterior e consolidação nos inícios do Principado.
Nos últimos anos tem-se verificado que esta ocupação se distribui por ambas margens
da bacia hidrográfica do Tejo, sugerindo que mais do que simples rectaguarda de apoio à
conquista toda a região teria um real interesse para Roma, provavelmente, pela riqueza
aurífera cuja exploração pode ter começado nessa época e não mais tarde como habitualmente
se tem pensado.
Two well-known quotations from ancient literature (Strabo and Pliny-the-Elder) are the major references for Roman military presence in the lower Tagus area. From long time ago historians and archaeologists search in the river’s northern bank the material remains of those places, seen as major rear guard points for Roman conquest of Iberian Peninsula’s northern parts. Similar settlements are known at Spanish Extremadura, chiefly the huge Roman camp of Cáceres el Viejo, also seen as a key settlement for Roman northern conquest but not related with the western sites. The aim of this article is to collect evidence for an actual relationship of the sites from both areas, seen as parts of the same strategy, not just for the northern conquest but also to control some key areas and resources all along the river. Archaeological evidence shows a similar story for those sites: settlement in the late second century B.C., abandonment during Sertorian conflict, reoccupation and consolidation under the Principate. Recent research have documented a more dense occupation during this period in both banks of Tagus river, probably due to the relevant alluvial gold, which exploitation may have begun by then and not just in Julio-Claudian period as usually was thought.
Two well-known quotations from ancient literature (Strabo and Pliny-the-Elder) are the major references for Roman military presence in the lower Tagus area. From long time ago historians and archaeologists search in the river’s northern bank the material remains of those places, seen as major rear guard points for Roman conquest of Iberian Peninsula’s northern parts. Similar settlements are known at Spanish Extremadura, chiefly the huge Roman camp of Cáceres el Viejo, also seen as a key settlement for Roman northern conquest but not related with the western sites. The aim of this article is to collect evidence for an actual relationship of the sites from both areas, seen as parts of the same strategy, not just for the northern conquest but also to control some key areas and resources all along the river. Archaeological evidence shows a similar story for those sites: settlement in the late second century B.C., abandonment during Sertorian conflict, reoccupation and consolidation under the Principate. Recent research have documented a more dense occupation during this period in both banks of Tagus river, probably due to the relevant alluvial gold, which exploitation may have begun by then and not just in Julio-Claudian period as usually was thought.
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FABIÃO, Carlos (2014) - Por este rio acima: a bacia hidrográfica do Tejo na conquista e implantação romana no ocidente da Península Ibérica. "CIRA - Arqueologia" ISSN 2183-058. Nº3, p. 9-24.
Editora
Câmara Municipal de Vila Franca de Xira
