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Boas práticas de fabrico de alimentos compostos para animais : plano de higienização como pré-requisito do plano HACCP
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Resumo(s)
O presente estudo foi realizado na empresa Rações Zêzere S.A. com o objetivo de avaliar a importância do plano de higienização numa indústria de alimentos compostos para animais, bem como analisar a problemática da sua aplicação prática a todas as etapas do processo produtivo. Pretende ainda evidenciar a sua mais-valia como pré-requisito do Plano HACCP em termos de garantia de qualidade e segurança dos produtos obtidos e minimizar ou solucionar as limitações da sua implementação.
Para tal foram analisados sete equipamentos: silos exteriores e interiores, misturadoras e arrefecedores, quanto à contaminação com Coliformes, bolores e leveduras, E. coli e Salmonella. As mesmas análises microbiológicas foram realizadas às matérias-primas recebidas na fábrica. Foi ainda realizado um teste de eficácia a um desinfetante habitualmente utilizado nas operações de higienização e realizaram-se entrevistas aos funcionários envolvidos em ações de higienização. Partindo dos resultados obtidos, os silos exteriores apresentam maior carga microbiana na generalidade dos microrganismos, destacando-se de todos os outros equipamentos. Relativamente às matérias-primas, os Coliformes, bolores e leveduras e E. coli encontram-se presentes na ordem das centenas, milhares e dezenas, respetivamente. O que comparativamente com os valores obtidos nos equipamentos analisados nos anos 2013 e 2014, nos permite verificar que os valores apresentados para os equipamentos são inferiores aos das matérias-primas.
Como principais conclusões podemos apontar a existência de limitações físicas inerentes a alguns equipamentos de produção de alimentos compostos para animais que dificultam a sua higienização; a eficácia dos procedimentos de higienização adotados pela empresa na redução da carga microbiana e a aparente consciencialização dos seus funcionários acerca da importância e necessidade das operações de higienização. Podemos concluir também que deve ser dada mais atenção aos registos das operações de higienização e à monitorização de alguns equipamentos.
ABSTRACT - Good Practices for the Feed Industry – Hygiene Plan as prerequisite of the HACCP Plan - This study was conducted in Rações Zêzere S.A. and its goal was to evaluate the importance of the hygiene plan in the feed industry as well as the difficulties of its practical application on all stages of the production process. It also intends to higlight its value as an HACCP Plan prerequisite in order to increase the quality of the products obtained and solve or minimize the limitations of its implementation, suggesting some improvement solutions. To achieve this, seven equipments were analyzed: outer and inner silos, mixers and coolers, and for the contamination with coliforms, moulds and yeasts, E. coli and Salmonella. The same microbiological analyzes were performed to raw materials received at the factory. It was also conducted an effectiveness test of a disinfectant commonly used in sanitizing operations and interviews were made with employees involved in cleaning actions. Based on the results obtained, the outer silos have higher microbial presence in the general of microorganisms, standing out from all other equipments. Regarding the results obtained, the microbial presence in raw materials, the coliforms, molds and yeasts and E. coli are present in hundreds, thousands and tens, respectively. When compared with values obtained in the analyzed equipment in 2013 and 2014 it allows us to verify that the equipments are in lower microorganisms count than the raw materials. As main conclusions can point to the existence of physical limitations of some compound feed production equipment that hinder their hygiene; the effectiveness of cleaning procedures adopted by the company in reducing microbial presence and the apparent awareness of its employees about the importance and necessity of cleaning operations. And can also be concluded that more attention should be given to the record of cleaning operations and to the monitoring of some equipments.
ABSTRACT - Good Practices for the Feed Industry – Hygiene Plan as prerequisite of the HACCP Plan - This study was conducted in Rações Zêzere S.A. and its goal was to evaluate the importance of the hygiene plan in the feed industry as well as the difficulties of its practical application on all stages of the production process. It also intends to higlight its value as an HACCP Plan prerequisite in order to increase the quality of the products obtained and solve or minimize the limitations of its implementation, suggesting some improvement solutions. To achieve this, seven equipments were analyzed: outer and inner silos, mixers and coolers, and for the contamination with coliforms, moulds and yeasts, E. coli and Salmonella. The same microbiological analyzes were performed to raw materials received at the factory. It was also conducted an effectiveness test of a disinfectant commonly used in sanitizing operations and interviews were made with employees involved in cleaning actions. Based on the results obtained, the outer silos have higher microbial presence in the general of microorganisms, standing out from all other equipments. Regarding the results obtained, the microbial presence in raw materials, the coliforms, molds and yeasts and E. coli are present in hundreds, thousands and tens, respectively. When compared with values obtained in the analyzed equipment in 2013 and 2014 it allows us to verify that the equipments are in lower microorganisms count than the raw materials. As main conclusions can point to the existence of physical limitations of some compound feed production equipment that hinder their hygiene; the effectiveness of cleaning procedures adopted by the company in reducing microbial presence and the apparent awareness of its employees about the importance and necessity of cleaning operations. And can also be concluded that more attention should be given to the record of cleaning operations and to the monitoring of some equipments.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica/Produção Animal
Palavras-chave
Indústria de alimentos compostos para animais boas práticas de fabrico plano de higienização Sistema HACCP feed industry good manufacturing practices hygiene plan HACCP Plan
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Pereira, J.F.A. (2015). Boas práticas de fabrico de alimentos compostos para animais : plano de higienização como pré-requisito do plano HACCP. Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Lisboa.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária