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Resumo(s)
Este trabalho pretende ser um contributo para a História da Educação
em Portugal, entre 1933 e 1939, através da análise iconográfica de um
conjunto de cartazes publicados em 1938, no décimo aniversário da chegada
de Salazar ao poder, intitulado A Lição de Salazar, de um panfleto ideológico, o
Decálogo do Estado Novo e de um postal ilustrado apresentando Salazar como
Salvador da Pátria.
Temos como objectivo demonstrar até que ponto a imagem foi utilizada
durante o Estado Novo como instrumento pedagógico e de propaganda, bem
como um veículo de transmissão e inculcação da ideologia difundida e imposta
pelo regime à população. Através da imagem pretende o regime transmitir aos
portugueses os ideais defendidos pelo mesmo, como os da autoridade, do
nacionalismo, do imperialismo, da fé cristã, do culto do chefe, da ruralidade, do
“viver habitualmente”, da pobreza honrada, da poupança e do corporativismo,
com o objectivo do aparecimento de um homem novo.
Inserimos esta análise num contexto histórico e procuramos encontrar a
sua função didáctica e pedagógica enquadrando-a nas políticas educativas, de
carácter ideológico, levadas a cabo nos primeiros anos de edificação do Estado
Novo, nomeadamente com os ministros Cordeiro Ramos e Carneiro Pacheco.
Este estudo teve como suporte as ideias sobre a educação transmitidas
por Salazar ao longo da sua vida, que se encontram presentes nos seus
escritos, discursos e na Constituição de 1933.
ABSTRACT: As a contribution to the History of Education in Portugal, between 1933 and 1939, this work analyses A Lição de Salazar, a set of posters published to celebrate the 10th year of Salazar’s ruling, as well as an ideological pamphlet, Decálogo do Estado Novo, and an illustrated postcard showing Salazar as a blessed ‘National Saviour’. We intend to show just to what extent the imagery has been used as a pedagogical and propaganda instrument during the Estado Novo, as well as a vehicle of ideological transmission and indoctrination imposed on the population. With the help of imagery, the regime wanted to transmit to the Portuguese people its own ideals, such as authority, nationalism, imperialism, Christian faith, the cult of the leader, rurality, everyday life, honourable poverty, saving and also corporatism, with the aim of creating a ‘new man’. This analysis is inserted within a very specific historical context and it is our intention to reveal its didactical and pedagogical function in a setting of educational policies, of ideological background, led during the first years of the Estado Novo, namely with Minister Cordeiro Ramos and Minister Carneiro Pacheco. This investigation is based on Salazar’s views on education transmitted throughout his life, made clear in his writings, speeches and the 1933 Constitution.
ABSTRACT: As a contribution to the History of Education in Portugal, between 1933 and 1939, this work analyses A Lição de Salazar, a set of posters published to celebrate the 10th year of Salazar’s ruling, as well as an ideological pamphlet, Decálogo do Estado Novo, and an illustrated postcard showing Salazar as a blessed ‘National Saviour’. We intend to show just to what extent the imagery has been used as a pedagogical and propaganda instrument during the Estado Novo, as well as a vehicle of ideological transmission and indoctrination imposed on the population. With the help of imagery, the regime wanted to transmit to the Portuguese people its own ideals, such as authority, nationalism, imperialism, Christian faith, the cult of the leader, rurality, everyday life, honourable poverty, saving and also corporatism, with the aim of creating a ‘new man’. This analysis is inserted within a very specific historical context and it is our intention to reveal its didactical and pedagogical function in a setting of educational policies, of ideological background, led during the first years of the Estado Novo, namely with Minister Cordeiro Ramos and Minister Carneiro Pacheco. This investigation is based on Salazar’s views on education transmitted throughout his life, made clear in his writings, speeches and the 1933 Constitution.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Didáctica da História, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2013
Palavras-chave
Salazar, António de Oliveira, 1889-1970 Educação e Estado - Portugal - 1933-1939 História - Estudo e ensino - Portugal - 1933-1939 Cartazes políticos - Portugal - 1933-1939 Propaganda portuguesa - 1933-1939 Teses de mestrado - 2013
