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O presente estudo visa analisar as peculiaridades do desenvolvimento cerebral do adolescente, ainda incompleto, à luz das neurociências, corroboradas pela psicologia e outras áreas do saber, para então perceber a faixa etária em que a pessoa deve ser responsabilizada por atos descritos em lei como crime, passando por uma análise dos sistemas penais de adulto e de adolescente hodiernos, a fim de indicar aquele que melhor se amolda ao adolescente em conflito com a lei, diante da sua peculiar condição de desenvolvimento biopsicossocial. Para tal desiderato, percorre-se o caminho do cérebro social do jovem, sua aquisição moral e liberdade de decisão, confrontando esse universo com os atuais dilemas que permeiam a responsabilidade juvenil, como é o caso da mítica inimputabilidade e da dialética da punição com proteção existente nos sistemas especiais direcionados ao adolescente em conflito com a lei, cotejando-os com os institutos jurídicos aplicados aos adultos. Nessa perspectiva pondera-se a necessidade da fixação da idade penal mínima e da validade da utilização dos conhecimentos neurocientíficos da atualidade como norteador do ordenamento jurídico neste tema.
This thesis aims at analyzing the peculiarities of adolescent brain development, still incomplete, in the light of neurosciences, corroborated by psychology and other areas of knowledge, to then understand the age group in which the person should be held in culpability for acts described in law as a crime, through an analysis of the modern criminal systems of adult and adolescent, in order to indicate the one that best conforms to the adolescent in conflict with the law, given its peculiar condition of biopsychosocial development. Therefore, the path of the young's social brain, its moral acquisition and freedom of decision, is confronted with the current dilemmas that permeate juvenile responsibility, as is the case of mythical non-imputability and the dialectic of punishment with protection existing in the special juvenile systems, comparing them with the legal institutes applied to the adults. From this perspective, it is necessary to establish the minimum age for adjudication in the adult court system and the validity of the use of current neuroscientific knowledge as the guiding principle of the legal system in this area.
This thesis aims at analyzing the peculiarities of adolescent brain development, still incomplete, in the light of neurosciences, corroborated by psychology and other areas of knowledge, to then understand the age group in which the person should be held in culpability for acts described in law as a crime, through an analysis of the modern criminal systems of adult and adolescent, in order to indicate the one that best conforms to the adolescent in conflict with the law, given its peculiar condition of biopsychosocial development. Therefore, the path of the young's social brain, its moral acquisition and freedom of decision, is confronted with the current dilemmas that permeate juvenile responsibility, as is the case of mythical non-imputability and the dialectic of punishment with protection existing in the special juvenile systems, comparing them with the legal institutes applied to the adults. From this perspective, it is necessary to establish the minimum age for adjudication in the adult court system and the validity of the use of current neuroscientific knowledge as the guiding principle of the legal system in this area.
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Palavras-chave
Direito penal Responsabilidade penal Imputabilidade Adolescentes Cérebro Neurociências Teses de mestrado - 2019
