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Perceção de pressões em contexto laboral, work engagement e burnout em profissionais de exercício : um estudo em ginásios e health clubs
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Enquadramento: Uma fatia crescente da população pratica exercício em ginásios. Os profissionais a trabalhar neste contexto têm um papel relevante. No entanto, a sua própria motivação tem sido pouco estudada.
Objetivo: Com base na Teoria da Auto-Determinação, procurou-se caraterizar uma amostra de profissionais de exercício e testar associações entre a perceção de pressões e indicadores de motivação/bem-estar laboral, analisando potenciais variáveis moderadoras.
Metodologia: 366 profissionais (193 ♂) foram avaliados quanto à perceção de pressões a 3 níveis (organizacionais; internas; por parte dos clientes), burnout e work engagement, através de análises descritivas, testes de correlação de Pearson e testes de moderação.
Resultados: Encontraram-se associações positivas significativas entre a perceção de pressões organizacionais (r=,224) e o burnout. Já um baixo nível de pressões internas (maior auto-determinação para o trabalho) associou-se negativamente (r=,- 189) com o burnout. O work engagement revelou-se positivamente associado com baixo nível de pressões internas (r=,220). O género (feminino) e anos de experiência (10 ou mais anos) apresentaram-se como potenciais moderadores destas associações.
Conclusões: Os resultados confirmam as premissas teóricas sublinhando o papel deletério que as pressões têm ao nível do engagement, potenciando o burnout. Comportam também potencial prático, a ser tido em conta na promoção de melhores ambientes de prática, não só para clientes, mas, para os profissionais que neles trabalham, contribuindo para alteração da ideia vigente de que a existência de pressão, é uma fonte de motivação positiva.
Background: An increasing number of persons exercise at gym contexts. Exercise professionals are an important piece of these environments. Their motivation needs to be studied. Purpose: Using SDT as a theoretical framework, the study aimed to: characterize an exercise professionals sample; test associations between pressure perceptions (3 levels) and work related well-being indicators (burnout and work engagement); test moderator’s variables in this associations. Methods: Participants were 366 exercise professionals (males=193). Questionnaires were used to assess the variables: pressure perceptions “from above”, “from within”. “from bellow”, burnout and work engagement. Descriptive analyses, Pearson correlation tests and moderation analyses were used. Results: Significant and positive associations between pressure perception “from above” (r= ,224) and burnout were found. Lower pressures “from within” (i.e higher self-determination towards work) (r= ,-189) were negatively related with burnout. Conversely, work engagement and lower pressures “from within” were significantly and positively associated (r= ,220). Gender (female) and years of experience (10 or more years) were moderators of effect. Conclusions: The results found in the study are aligned with the theoretical fundaments by showing that perception of pressures is detrimental to engagement and linked to burn-out. They have also practical implications highlighting that pressures are not good motivators as generally convened. Thinking about motivation will contribute to a better exercise environment, both for clients and professionals.
Background: An increasing number of persons exercise at gym contexts. Exercise professionals are an important piece of these environments. Their motivation needs to be studied. Purpose: Using SDT as a theoretical framework, the study aimed to: characterize an exercise professionals sample; test associations between pressure perceptions (3 levels) and work related well-being indicators (burnout and work engagement); test moderator’s variables in this associations. Methods: Participants were 366 exercise professionals (males=193). Questionnaires were used to assess the variables: pressure perceptions “from above”, “from within”. “from bellow”, burnout and work engagement. Descriptive analyses, Pearson correlation tests and moderation analyses were used. Results: Significant and positive associations between pressure perception “from above” (r= ,224) and burnout were found. Lower pressures “from within” (i.e higher self-determination towards work) (r= ,-189) were negatively related with burnout. Conversely, work engagement and lower pressures “from within” were significantly and positively associated (r= ,220). Gender (female) and years of experience (10 or more years) were moderators of effect. Conclusions: The results found in the study are aligned with the theoretical fundaments by showing that perception of pressures is detrimental to engagement and linked to burn-out. They have also practical implications highlighting that pressures are not good motivators as generally convened. Thinking about motivation will contribute to a better exercise environment, both for clients and professionals.
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Palavras-chave
Teoria da auto-determinação Contexto laboral Perceção de pressões Burnout Work engagement Profissionais de exercício Motivação Self determination theory Work context Perceived pressures Exercise professional Motivation