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Contemporâneos classicismos : uma análise dos princípios compositivos clássicos no Projeto da Habitação : o caso dos espaços sociais na cidade do Recife, Brasil
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Resumo(s)
A presente investigação tem como objetivo analisar de que maneira os princípios compositivos clássicos estão sendo utilizados nos espaços sociais, componentes dos projetos da habitação contemporânea, em Recife, Brasil. Partiu-se da hipótese de que esses princípios persistem do século XIX até os dias atuais enquanto diretrizes projetuais. Os referidos espaços sociais, direcionados às classes mais abastadas, são definidos pelos acessos, hall de entrada, sala de estar, sala de jantar, seus respectivos interiores e a fachada principal. Estes espaços demonstram uma identidade eleita de valorização do clássico, construída ao longo da história do Brasil e que se encontra representada pelos seus elementos constituintes como composição em planta e fachada, localização privilegiada desses espaços em relação aos demais, estruturação dos seus interiores, assim como a utilização de materiais de maior valor agregado. Logo, iniciando-se com uma pesquisa acerca dos princípios compositivos de origem vitruviana, desenvolvidos posteriormente pela Academia Francesa de Arquitetura, tece o caminho percorrido por estes ditames a partir do séc. XVIII na França até Recife, refletidos pelos teóricos do Neoclassicismo francês, e ilustrados com análises de espaços sociais de composição classicista na história. Dentre os princípios compositivos clássicos foram selecionados Ordenação, Proporção, Simetria e Caráter, ao quais foram aplicados às análises dos estudos de caso, com posterior elaboração de um conceito de clássico aplicável a esses espaços. A análise da arquitetura contemporânea foi feita em quinze espaços sociais projetados para casas e apartamentos na Região Metropolitana do Recife, dentro do recorte temporal de 2000 a 2018, comprovando que ainda hoje esses princípios são utilizados nos projetos dos espaços sociais da habitação. Esta pesquisa pretende contribuir para a historiografia ao aprofundar as relações entre Brasil e Portugal relativas a esta temática, essenciais para o conceito de identidade local e modos de habitar do recifense, além de dar suporte para o ensino de projeto de arquitetura habitacional.
The present investigation aims to analyze how classical compositional principles are being used in social spaces of contemporary housing projects, in Recife, Brazil. It started from the hypothesis that these principles persist from the 19th century to the present day as design guidelines. The aforementioned social spaces, aimed at the more affluent classes, are defined by the accesses, entrance hall, living room, dining room, their respective interiors and the main facade. These spaces demonstrate an identity chosen to value the classic, built throughout the history of Brazil and which is represented by its constituent elements such as plan and facade composition, privileged location of these spaces in relation to the others in a house, structuring of their interiors, as well as the use of higher value-added materials. Therefore, starting with a research on the compositional principles of Vitruvian origin, later developed by the French Academy of Architecture, weaves the path taken by these dictates from the 18th century in France to Recife, reflected by the theorists of French Neoclassicism, and illustrated with analyzes of social spaces of classicist composition in history. Among the classical compositional principles, Ordering, Proportion, Symmetry and Character were selected, to which they were applied to the analysis of the case studies, with subsequent elaboration of a classic concept applicable to these spaces. The analysis of contemporary architecture was carried out in fifteen social spaces designed for houses and apartments in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, within the time frame from 2000 to 2018, proving that these principles are still used today in the projects of social housing spaces. This research intends to contribute to the historiography by deepening the relations between Brazil and Portugal related to this theme, essential for the concept of local identity and ways of living in Recife, in addition to providing support for the teaching of housing architecture design.
The present investigation aims to analyze how classical compositional principles are being used in social spaces of contemporary housing projects, in Recife, Brazil. It started from the hypothesis that these principles persist from the 19th century to the present day as design guidelines. The aforementioned social spaces, aimed at the more affluent classes, are defined by the accesses, entrance hall, living room, dining room, their respective interiors and the main facade. These spaces demonstrate an identity chosen to value the classic, built throughout the history of Brazil and which is represented by its constituent elements such as plan and facade composition, privileged location of these spaces in relation to the others in a house, structuring of their interiors, as well as the use of higher value-added materials. Therefore, starting with a research on the compositional principles of Vitruvian origin, later developed by the French Academy of Architecture, weaves the path taken by these dictates from the 18th century in France to Recife, reflected by the theorists of French Neoclassicism, and illustrated with analyzes of social spaces of classicist composition in history. Among the classical compositional principles, Ordering, Proportion, Symmetry and Character were selected, to which they were applied to the analysis of the case studies, with subsequent elaboration of a classic concept applicable to these spaces. The analysis of contemporary architecture was carried out in fifteen social spaces designed for houses and apartments in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, within the time frame from 2000 to 2018, proving that these principles are still used today in the projects of social housing spaces. This research intends to contribute to the historiography by deepening the relations between Brazil and Portugal related to this theme, essential for the concept of local identity and ways of living in Recife, in addition to providing support for the teaching of housing architecture design.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento. Arquitetura (Teoria e prática do projeto). Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura. 2023
Palavras-chave
Habitação Espaços Sociais Estética Classicismo Princípios Compositivos Housing Social Living Spaces Aesthetics Classicism Compositional Principles
Contexto Educativo
Citação
CARVALHO, Gisele Melo de - Contemporâneos classicismos : uma análise dos princípios compositivos clássicos no Projeto da Habitação : o caso dos espaços sociais na cidade do Recife, Brasil. – Lisboa : FA, 2023. – Tese de doutoramento.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura