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Epidemiologia do Cancro da Mama e Tecnologias de Saúde, em Portugal : 2002 a 2014
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Introdução e Objetivos: O cancro da mama (C50) é o tipo de tumor com maior número de novos de casos por ano em Portugal, sendo o estudo epidemiológico do mesmo uma prioridade em Saúde Pública. Este estudo teve como objetivos caracterizar a epidemiologia do cancro da mama e observar qual a influência das tecnologias de saúde na doença.
Métodos e Materiais: Caracterizou-se aa evolução epidemiológica de C50 utilizando indicadores de: Incidência; Mortalidade; Incapacidade e Produtividade. Através de uma revisão literária aferiu-se quais as tecnologias de saúde relevantes no combate ao cancro. Observou-se a evolução da utilização das mesmas tecnologias em Portugal. O horizonte temporal estendeu-se de 2002 a 2014.
Resultados e Discussão: No período em estudo, os indicadores de saúde observdos registaram uma evolução positiva. A taxa de mortalidade e a mortalidade proporcional decresceram 17,89% e 12,58% respectivamente, tendo estes indicadores mantendo-se praticamente constantes na população idosa, o que indica que a redução de mortalidade se deu na população ativa. Esta constatação é consistente com a redução de mortalidade precoce (AVPP) observada (18.70%). Os DALY por C50 aumentaram 4,25%. Este aumento deveu-se ao acréscimo de AVI (46,05%) justificado pelo aumento dos novos casos, não se podendo por isso considerar que o global burden of disease aumentou. A evolução positiva dos indicadores de saúde mencionados foi coincidente com aumento dos gastos em medicamentos oncológicos (98%), e também com o aumento da realização de rastreios oncológicos (25%). Nos últimos 5 anos, observaram-se condicionantes à utilização destas tecnologias, tais como o aumento excessivo do tempo até financiamento público e o subfinanciamento dos programas de rastreio.
Conclusões: A epidemiologia do cancro da mama apresentou uma evolução positiva entre 2002 e 2014, com relação direta com o aumento da utilização de tecnologias de saúde. As barreiras de acesso observadas podem vir a ter efeitos negativos não só na Saúde, como noutros setores da sociedade.
Introduction & Objectives: Breast Cancer (C50) is the cancer subtype associated with the greatest cumulative incidence within the Portuguese population. Therefore, the epidemiologic studying of this disease is a priority for Public Health. This research had the objectives of characterizing breast cancer epidemiology and to observe health technologies’ influence on said epidemiology. Methods & Materials: C50 epidemiology was characterized through incidence, mortality, incapacity and productivity Health Indicators. A Bibliographic review was conducted in order to access which health technologies were statically relevant in cancer mortality reduction. The research timeline was from 2002 to 2014 Results & Discussion: The Health Indicators observed in this research showed a positive development. Both mortality rate and relative mortality decreased 17.89% and 12.58%. As these indicators remained almost constant in the elderly population, the reduction observed in mortality indicators, occurred mainly in the labor force. This finding is consistent with the observed reduction of YLL (18.70%). The DALY by C50 increased 4.25%. This increase was caused by the raise of YLD (46.05%), due to the increase of new cases, therefore the global burden of disease has not increased. The positive evolution of health indicators mentioned was coincident with increased spending on cancer drugs (98%), and also with the boost of cancer screening proceedings (25%). Over the past five years, restrictions on the use of these technologies, such as excessive increase in time until public funding of new drugs and the under-funding of screening programs, were observed. Conclusions- Breast Cancer epidemiology showed a positive development between 2002 and 2014, with direct relation to the increased use of health technologies. Observed access barriers may have negative effects not only on the Health sector, as in other sectors of society.
Introduction & Objectives: Breast Cancer (C50) is the cancer subtype associated with the greatest cumulative incidence within the Portuguese population. Therefore, the epidemiologic studying of this disease is a priority for Public Health. This research had the objectives of characterizing breast cancer epidemiology and to observe health technologies’ influence on said epidemiology. Methods & Materials: C50 epidemiology was characterized through incidence, mortality, incapacity and productivity Health Indicators. A Bibliographic review was conducted in order to access which health technologies were statically relevant in cancer mortality reduction. The research timeline was from 2002 to 2014 Results & Discussion: The Health Indicators observed in this research showed a positive development. Both mortality rate and relative mortality decreased 17.89% and 12.58%. As these indicators remained almost constant in the elderly population, the reduction observed in mortality indicators, occurred mainly in the labor force. This finding is consistent with the observed reduction of YLL (18.70%). The DALY by C50 increased 4.25%. This increase was caused by the raise of YLD (46.05%), due to the increase of new cases, therefore the global burden of disease has not increased. The positive evolution of health indicators mentioned was coincident with increased spending on cancer drugs (98%), and also with the boost of cancer screening proceedings (25%). Over the past five years, restrictions on the use of these technologies, such as excessive increase in time until public funding of new drugs and the under-funding of screening programs, were observed. Conclusions- Breast Cancer epidemiology showed a positive development between 2002 and 2014, with direct relation to the increased use of health technologies. Observed access barriers may have negative effects not only on the Health sector, as in other sectors of society.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2016
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Mestrado Integrado - 2016