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Comparação do nível de sustentabilidade da mobilidade urbana no mundo
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Resumo(s)
A população que se concentra nas cidades tem vindo a aumentar e prevê-se que este crescimento
se mantenha, gerando gradualmente maior pressão nos centros urbanos, especialmente no setor da
mobilidade. Deste modo é necessário desenvolver a mobilidade urbana sustentável, promovendo a
utilização de transportes públicos coletivos e modos de mobilidade suaves. Podendo desta forma reduzir
os efeitos do aumento da densidade populacional urbana, o aumento do trânsito e perda de qualidade do
ar.
A presente dissertação estuda a evolução da mobilidade sustentável estimando sete indicadores
quantitativos de mobilidade, divididos em três módulos: Indicadores de qualidade de vida, Indicador de
eficiência energética e Indicadores geoespaciais. Avaliou-se as zonas de Lisboa, Madrid, Londres, Hong
Kong, Nova Iorque e Amesterdão. Para o cálculo destes indicadores recorreu-se à metodologia
apresentada pelo World Business Council for Sustainable Development, intitulada “Sustainable Mobility
Project 2.0”, onde são descritos 19 indicadores e apresentadas as suas respetivas equações.
Com o objetivo de estudar o ranking da área de Lisboa em relação às restantes cidades
consideradas, entendeu-se que nos indicadores de qualidade de vida, a Área Metropolitana de Lisboa
foi a zona mais bem classificada para dois dos quatro anos em estudo, enquanto Madrid ficou à frente
nos restantes anos. Para o indicador de eficiência energética, analisado apenas para Madrid e Lisboa,
observou-se que a frota de transportes públicos em Madrid era mais eficiente. Em último lugar, o estudo
dos indicadores geoespaciais revelou que, comparativamente, a cidade de Lisboa apresenta baixa
acessibilidade aos transportes públicos e baixa extensão de rede ciclável.
Concluiu-se que os dados necessários para calcular os indicadores não estão acessíveis de igual
forma para todas as zonas estudadas. Os indicadores mais afastados do máximo (10) são, no geral, a
duração média das deslocações diárias, a acessibilidade geográfica a transportes públicos e a rede
ciclável no meio urbano.
The urban population has been steadily growing, a trend expected to continue, gradually increasing pressures on urban centers, particularly within the urban mobility sector. Consequently, there is an urgent need to promote sustainable urban mobility by advocating for the use of collective public transportation and soft mobility modes. This strategic approach aims to reduce the effects of increased urban population density, increasing traffic congestion, and declining air quality. This dissertation studies the progression of sustainable mobility by estimating seven quantitative mobility indicators, which are divided into three modules: Quality of life indicators, Energy efficiency indicator and Geospatial indicators. The Lisbon, Madrid, London, Hong Kong, New York, and Amsterdam areas were evaluated. To calculate these indicators, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development's methodology, titled "Sustainable Mobility Project 2.0" was applied, in which the total of 19 indicators are described, along with their respective formulas. In seeking the goal of assessing the Lisbon area's position in relation to the other considered cities, it was discovered that, within the domain of quality of life indicators, the Lisbon Metropolitan Area obtained the highest ranking for two of the four years considered, while Madrid led in the remaining years. In the context of the energy efficiency indicator, analyzed only for Madrid and Lisbon, it was observed that Madrid’s public transportation fleet demonstrated greater efficiency. Lastly, the examination of geospatial indicators revealed that, by comparison, the city of Lisbon has low accessibility to public transport and inadequately developed cycling network. It was concluded that the data necessary to estimate the indicators are not equally accessible for all areas being studied. The indicators that are farthest from the maximum value (10) are, in general, the average duration of daily trips, geographic accessibility to public transport and the urban cycling network.
The urban population has been steadily growing, a trend expected to continue, gradually increasing pressures on urban centers, particularly within the urban mobility sector. Consequently, there is an urgent need to promote sustainable urban mobility by advocating for the use of collective public transportation and soft mobility modes. This strategic approach aims to reduce the effects of increased urban population density, increasing traffic congestion, and declining air quality. This dissertation studies the progression of sustainable mobility by estimating seven quantitative mobility indicators, which are divided into three modules: Quality of life indicators, Energy efficiency indicator and Geospatial indicators. The Lisbon, Madrid, London, Hong Kong, New York, and Amsterdam areas were evaluated. To calculate these indicators, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development's methodology, titled "Sustainable Mobility Project 2.0" was applied, in which the total of 19 indicators are described, along with their respective formulas. In seeking the goal of assessing the Lisbon area's position in relation to the other considered cities, it was discovered that, within the domain of quality of life indicators, the Lisbon Metropolitan Area obtained the highest ranking for two of the four years considered, while Madrid led in the remaining years. In the context of the energy efficiency indicator, analyzed only for Madrid and Lisbon, it was observed that Madrid’s public transportation fleet demonstrated greater efficiency. Lastly, the examination of geospatial indicators revealed that, by comparison, the city of Lisbon has low accessibility to public transport and inadequately developed cycling network. It was concluded that the data necessary to estimate the indicators are not equally accessible for all areas being studied. The indicators that are farthest from the maximum value (10) are, in general, the average duration of daily trips, geographic accessibility to public transport and the urban cycling network.
Descrição
Tese de Mestrado, Engenharia da Energia e Ambiente, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Palavras-chave
Qualidade de vida Eficiência energética Indicadores geospaciais SMP2.0 Teses de mestrado - 2023