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Produção normativa não estatal : pluralismo jurídico na área econômica
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Esta dissertação busca analisar a existência de pluralismo jurídico nas áreas econômica e comercial, a partir de duas alterações verificadas na produção jurídica normativa e decisória. A primeira, ocorrida no direito econômico após a virada do Estado de Bem-Estar Social para o Estado Regulador, em que houve a abertura para a iniciativa privada de diversos setores da economia, com a criação de novos mercados concorrenciais que passaram a ser regulados pelas Agências Reguladoras, fazendo surgir o que se convencionou chamar de direito híbrido, estatal, mas produzido com a participação do setor regulado, não derivando, portanto, diretamente dos Parlamentos. A segunda alteração refere-se à produção normativa e decisória não estatal, em especial aquela que se dá na área comercial, onde se verifica a abertura do mercado decisório à concorrência,
dividindo os juízes estatais espaço com os árbitros privados, tanto na solução de casos concretos, quanto na construção da norma jurídica que regerá a disputa submetida à decisão. Assim, se na sentença o juiz estatal cria a norma jurídica que define a conduta a ser observada pela parte submetida à sua jurisdição, o árbitro privado faz o mesmo ao elaborar o laudo arbitral. A tese se divide em três partes. Na primeira, de caráter teórico, são expostas tanto as correntes de pensamento que sustentam ser monopólio estatal a produção de normas jurídicas, como as teses que possibilitam relativizar tal monopólio, demonstrando que o direito pode derivar de fontes não estatais. A segunda parte, apoiada nos elementos teóricos da primeira, avança para uma exposição sobre fatos ocorridos e casos concretos, narrando a transferência de ativos estatais para a iniciativa privada, ocorrida no Brasil com a criação de estruturas regulatórias próprias, bem como se dedica ao exame de produções normativas oriundas unicamente de fontes privadas, dotadas de eficácia social e convicção de obrigatoriedade, que pautam o comportamento em determinadas atividades. A terceira e última parte presenta as conclusões deste trabalho.
This dissertation seeks to analyze the existence of legal pluralism in the economic and commercial areas, based on two changes in the normative and decisive legal production. The first occurred in economic law after the turn of the welfare state to the regulatory state, where the opening to private enterprise of various economic sectors, with the creation of new competitive markets that were now regulated by regulatory agencies, giving rise to what is conventionally called hybrid, state law, but produced with the participation of the regulated sector, not deriving directly from parliaments. The second amendment concerns non-state normative and decision-making, especially in the commercial area, where the decision-maker is open to competition, with state judges sharing space with private arbitrators, both in solving concrete cases and in building of the legal norm that will govern the dispute submitted to the decision. Thus, if in the judgment the state judge creates the legal rule that defines the conduct to be observed by the party subject to its jurisdiction, the private arbitrator does the same in preparing the arbitration award. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first is of a theoretical nature, which exposes currents of thought that maintain that state monopoly is the production of legal norms and theses that make it possible to relativize this monopoly, demonstrating that law can derive from non-state sources. The second part, supported by the theoretical elements of the first, advances to an exposition about facts and concrete cases, narrating the transfer of state assets to the private initiative that occurred in Brazil with the creation of own regulatory structures, as well as to the examination of productions rules from exclusively private sources, endowed with social efficacy and a conviction of obligation, guiding the behavior of certain activities. In the last part are the conclusions.
This dissertation seeks to analyze the existence of legal pluralism in the economic and commercial areas, based on two changes in the normative and decisive legal production. The first occurred in economic law after the turn of the welfare state to the regulatory state, where the opening to private enterprise of various economic sectors, with the creation of new competitive markets that were now regulated by regulatory agencies, giving rise to what is conventionally called hybrid, state law, but produced with the participation of the regulated sector, not deriving directly from parliaments. The second amendment concerns non-state normative and decision-making, especially in the commercial area, where the decision-maker is open to competition, with state judges sharing space with private arbitrators, both in solving concrete cases and in building of the legal norm that will govern the dispute submitted to the decision. Thus, if in the judgment the state judge creates the legal rule that defines the conduct to be observed by the party subject to its jurisdiction, the private arbitrator does the same in preparing the arbitration award. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first is of a theoretical nature, which exposes currents of thought that maintain that state monopoly is the production of legal norms and theses that make it possible to relativize this monopoly, demonstrating that law can derive from non-state sources. The second part, supported by the theoretical elements of the first, advances to an exposition about facts and concrete cases, narrating the transfer of state assets to the private initiative that occurred in Brazil with the creation of own regulatory structures, as well as to the examination of productions rules from exclusively private sources, endowed with social efficacy and a conviction of obligation, guiding the behavior of certain activities. In the last part are the conclusions.
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Direito económico Direito comercial Pluralismo jurídico Teses de mestrado - 2021