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Caracterização das utilizadoras de contraceptivos orais: estudo transversal
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Os contraceptivos hormonais estão entre os métodos de contracepção reversíveis mais fiáveis. Desde que foram introduzidos no mercado há mais de 50 anos, estes têm sofrido diversas alterações para melhorar as suas características e aplicações. A sua composição, dosagem e uso varia, levando a diferentes taxas de risco, efeitos indesejáveis e benefícios. No entanto, ainda existem questões por esclarecer relativamente aos efeitos benéficos e riscos dos contraceptivos orais (COs), nomeadamente sobre efeitos no desenvolvimento e prevenção do cancro e eficácia em mulheres obesas e em fumadoras com mais de 35 anos. O conhecimento das utilizadoras sobre os COs é determinante para o seu uso correcto e consequentemente para a sua eficácia. No sentido de caracterizar as utilizadoras da pílula, realizou-se um estudo transversal em que foram aplicados na rede social Facebook, 430 questionários a uma amostra a mulheres em idade fértil, independentemente de serem utilizadoras de COs. Deste modo, avaliou-se o conhecimento acerca dos COs e a forma como os utilizam. Permitiu ainda concluir qual a pílula mais prescrita, onde as utilizadoras a adquirem, o que fazem quando falham uma toma e se conhecem realmente os efeitos indesejáveis e benéficos deste tipo de contracepção. Neste estudo, foi também possível determinar se alguma vez recorreram à contracepção de emergência e avaliar o conhecimento sobre este método. Após o tratamento de dados, verificaram-se situações de contra-indicação para uso de contracepção oral (CO), em particular, a sua utilização por mulheres obesas e fumadoras com mais de 35 anos. Concluiu-se ainda que um maior nível de escolaridade não garante que exista um maior conhecimento acerca destas situações. A maioria das inquiridas mostrou conhecimento sobre a contracepção de emergência, excepto no modo da sua toma que suscitou algumas dúvidas. De uma maneira geral, existem noções correctas sobre os benefícios não contraceptivos dos COs, no entanto mostraram algum desconhecimento no benefício e na diminuição do risco de cancro do ovário e cancro do endométrio. A CO é o método de contracepção preferido de mais de metade das mulheres que responderam ao questionário. A pílula mais utilizada pelas participantes inquiridas foi a Minigeste que pertence ao grupo das pílulas mais recentes e que na maioria dos casos foi aconselhada pelo médico. No que se refere, ao modo de toma da pílula, as entrevistadas revelaram um bom conhecimento. O mesmo não aconteceu quando questionadas sobre os procedimentos que adoptam em caso de falha de um comprimido, as respostas assinaladas já foram um pouco mais controversas.
Hormonal contraceptives are among the most reliable reversible contraceptive methods. Since they were introduced in the market for over 50 years, they have been subject to several changes to improve its features and applications. Its composition, dose and use varies, leading to different risk rates, side effects and benefits. However, there are still unresolved issues regarding the benefits and risks of OC, in particular on effects on development and prevention of cancer and efficacy in obese women and smokers over 35 years. The knowledge of the user on the OCs is essential for its proper use and consequently for its effectiveness. In order to characterize the users of the pill, there was a cross sectional study applied in the social network Facebook , 430 questionnaires were made to a sample of women of childbearing age , despite the fact of being users of OCs or not . Thus, we evaluated the knowledge of the OCs and the way they use them. The questionnaires also concluded the most prescribed pill, where users acquire it, what they do when they fail a dose and their awareness of the unwanted and beneficial effects of this type of contraception. In this study, it was also possible to determine if they ever used emergency contraception and evaluate their knowledge about this method. After the processing of the data, there were situations where the use of OC was not recommended, in particular, the use by obese and smoking women over 35 years. It was also concluded that a higher level of education does not guarantee that there is a greater knowledge about these situations. Most of the surveyed women proved to have knowledge about emergency contraception, however the way of its use raised some doubts. In general, there are correct notions about the non-contraceptive benefits of OCs, however they demonstrated to have some lack of knowledge regarding the benefits of OCs in reducing the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer. The OC is the preferred method of contraception of more than half of the women who answered the questionnaire. The pill used by most surveyed participants was Minigeste that belongs to the group of the latest pills and that in most cases was recommended by the doctor. The interviewees revealed to have a good knowledge concerning the way of taking the pill. The same did not happen when asked about the procedures to adopt in case of failure of a pill, the answers provided were more controversial.
Hormonal contraceptives are among the most reliable reversible contraceptive methods. Since they were introduced in the market for over 50 years, they have been subject to several changes to improve its features and applications. Its composition, dose and use varies, leading to different risk rates, side effects and benefits. However, there are still unresolved issues regarding the benefits and risks of OC, in particular on effects on development and prevention of cancer and efficacy in obese women and smokers over 35 years. The knowledge of the user on the OCs is essential for its proper use and consequently for its effectiveness. In order to characterize the users of the pill, there was a cross sectional study applied in the social network Facebook , 430 questionnaires were made to a sample of women of childbearing age , despite the fact of being users of OCs or not . Thus, we evaluated the knowledge of the OCs and the way they use them. The questionnaires also concluded the most prescribed pill, where users acquire it, what they do when they fail a dose and their awareness of the unwanted and beneficial effects of this type of contraception. In this study, it was also possible to determine if they ever used emergency contraception and evaluate their knowledge about this method. After the processing of the data, there were situations where the use of OC was not recommended, in particular, the use by obese and smoking women over 35 years. It was also concluded that a higher level of education does not guarantee that there is a greater knowledge about these situations. Most of the surveyed women proved to have knowledge about emergency contraception, however the way of its use raised some doubts. In general, there are correct notions about the non-contraceptive benefits of OCs, however they demonstrated to have some lack of knowledge regarding the benefits of OCs in reducing the risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer. The OC is the preferred method of contraception of more than half of the women who answered the questionnaire. The pill used by most surveyed participants was Minigeste that belongs to the group of the latest pills and that in most cases was recommended by the doctor. The interviewees revealed to have a good knowledge concerning the way of taking the pill. The same did not happen when asked about the procedures to adopt in case of failure of a pill, the answers provided were more controversial.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2016
Palavras-chave
Contracepção oral Contracepção oral combinada Contracepção de emergência Riscos Benefícios Conhecimento Mestrado Integrado - 2016