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Resumo(s)
O aumento das emissões globais de gases com efeito de estufa resultantes da queima de combustíveis
fósseis reforçou a necessidade de encontrar fontes de energia mais sustentáveis. A aplicação de políticas
de eletricidade que envolvem a produção energética a partir de fontes renováveis levou a investimentos
contínuos no setor da energia hidroelétrica, acentuando a importância da avaliação ambiental dos
impactos associados à sua construção.
Este trabalho enquadra-se no âmbito de avaliação dos impactos do desenvolvimento de um
aproveitamento hidroelétrico nas águas do Rio de Mel ( distrito de Viseu), nas comunidades locais de
avifauna, quirópteros, ictiofauna e herpetofauna. Com este objetivo, efetuou-se a análise da informação
obtida no programa de monitorização da área afetada, definido pela Declaração de Impacto Ambiental,
com vista a quantificar a variação das comunidades faunísticas nas diferentes fases de implementação
do projeto (i.e. pré-construção, construção e exploração). As comunidades presentes foram
caracterizadas em função de vários indicadores (Abundância Relativa, Riqueza Específica, Densidade,
e Índice de Diversidade Shannon Wiener), e a variação destes parâmetros foi analisada estatisticamente
com base em escalonamento multidimensional não métrico (NMDS) e modelos lineares generalizados
(GLM) e modelos lineares generalizados mistos (MLGM).
As comunidades faunísticas apresentaram algumas variações distintas, mas o ano de construção esteve
em geral associado à maior redução da riqueza específica e da abundância ao longo de todo o programa
de monitorização. Estes resultados poderão ter uma relação direta com as perturbações associadas a esta
fase, nomeadamente à degradação da vegetação ribeirinha e qualidade da água aquando da construção
da barragem. No entanto, para alguns dos grupos observou-se uma recuperação tanto em termos de
riqueza específica como de abundância após a conclusão da construção do empreendimento.
The rise in global greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels has reinforced the need to find more sustainable energy sources. The implementation of electricity policies that involve energy production from renewable sources has led to continuous investments in the hydroelectric power sector, sometimes exceeding the speed of ecological assessment on the impacts associated with its construction. This work aims to assess the impacts of the development of a hydroelectric plant in the waters of the Rio de Mel (Viseu district), on local communities of avifauna, chiropterans, ichthyofauna and herpetofauna. With this objective, we analyzed the information obtained in the monitoring program of the affected area, defined by the Environmental Impact Declaration, in order to quantify the variation of wildlife communities in the different phases of project implementation (i.e. pre-construction, construction and operation). The communities present were characterized according to several indicators (Relative Abundance, Species Richness, Density, and Shannon Wiener Diversity Index), and the variation of these parameters was statistically analyzed based on non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and generalized linear models (GLM) and generalized linear mixed models (GLM). Wildlife communities showed some distinct variations, but the construction year was generally associated with the greatest reduction in specific richness and abundance throughout the monitoring program. These results may have a direct relationship to the disturbances associated with this phase, namely the degradation of riparian vegetation and water quality during dam construction. However, for some of the groups a recovery was observed both in terms of specific richness and abundance after the conclusion of the construction of the dam.
The rise in global greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of fossil fuels has reinforced the need to find more sustainable energy sources. The implementation of electricity policies that involve energy production from renewable sources has led to continuous investments in the hydroelectric power sector, sometimes exceeding the speed of ecological assessment on the impacts associated with its construction. This work aims to assess the impacts of the development of a hydroelectric plant in the waters of the Rio de Mel (Viseu district), on local communities of avifauna, chiropterans, ichthyofauna and herpetofauna. With this objective, we analyzed the information obtained in the monitoring program of the affected area, defined by the Environmental Impact Declaration, in order to quantify the variation of wildlife communities in the different phases of project implementation (i.e. pre-construction, construction and operation). The communities present were characterized according to several indicators (Relative Abundance, Species Richness, Density, and Shannon Wiener Diversity Index), and the variation of these parameters was statistically analyzed based on non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and generalized linear models (GLM) and generalized linear mixed models (GLM). Wildlife communities showed some distinct variations, but the construction year was generally associated with the greatest reduction in specific richness and abundance throughout the monitoring program. These results may have a direct relationship to the disturbances associated with this phase, namely the degradation of riparian vegetation and water quality during dam construction. However, for some of the groups a recovery was observed both in terms of specific richness and abundance after the conclusion of the construction of the dam.
Descrição
Relatório de estágio de mestrado, Ecologia e Gestão Ambiental, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Palavras-chave
energias renováveis energia hidroelétrica monitorização impactos na aviauna quirópteros ictiofauna herpetofauna Teses de mestrado - 2023
