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O direito administrativo próprio da função pública internacional : do estatuto jurídico à tutela jurisdicional efectiva
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O presente estudo incide sobre as funções, o estatuto e o acesso à justiça dos funcionários das organizações internacionais, numa busca contínua pela afirmação de um direito administrativo próprio da função pública
internacional. Assim, tendo como ponto de partida a definição do ramo jurídico aplicável às situações jurídico-administrativas em que intervêm agentes internacionais, objetivamos primeiramente uma análise e delimitação
dos diferentes ramos de direito administrativo que surgem no contexto internacional, em particular os que poderão regular situações jurídicas estabelecidas entre funcionários e organizações internacionais.
Após analisar o estatuto jurídico dos agentes internacionais e examinar de forma transversal a estrutura administrativa da organização internacional, representada pela figura do secretariado, visaremos um estudo conciso do direito de acesso à justiça dos funcionários internacionais, no sentido de uma tutela jurisdicional efetiva adaptada ao contexto internacional. De facto, com vista a proporcionar aos funcionários internacionais um mecanismo através do qual possam dirimir litígios administrativos em que estejam envolvidos, as organizações internacionais devem adotar os seus próprios sistemas internos de justiça. Para serem considerados legítimos, os sistemas internos de justiça devem garantir um "processo equitativo" na tramitação das petições administrativas efetuadas por funcionários, no estrito respeito pelo direito internacional da pessoa humana. Na verdade, um sistema interno de justiça que não respeite as normas e os princípios internacionais de direitos humanos, pode levar a que a imunidade judicativa das organizações internacionais seja quebrada, permitindo aos tribunais nacionais assumir uma competência que, até recentemente, nunca tinha sido avocada.
This study focuses on the functions, status and access to justice of international organizations staff members, in a constant quest for the affirmation of an administrative law of the international civil service. Taking as starting point the definition of the applicable law to legal and administrative situations which involve international staff, we aim to analyze and define the different branches of administrative law that emerge in the international context, particularly those regulating legal situations established between staff members and international organizations. Following the analysis of the international civil servants legal status and the study of the administrative structure of international organizations, represented by the Secretariat, we will concisely examine the right of access to justice of staff members, in terms of an effective judicial protection adapted to an international context. Thus, in order to provide a mechanism through which international civil servants can judicially scrutinize administrative decisions arising from labor disputes, international organizations should adopt their own internal justice systems. To be considered legitimate, these justice systems shall ensure a "fair trial" while dealing with administrative claims filed by staff members, in strict compliance with international human rights law. In fact, an internal justice system that does not comply with international principles of human rights, can lead to a fracture of the judicial immunity of international organizations, allowing jurisdiction to national tribunals which, until recently, had never been sought.
This study focuses on the functions, status and access to justice of international organizations staff members, in a constant quest for the affirmation of an administrative law of the international civil service. Taking as starting point the definition of the applicable law to legal and administrative situations which involve international staff, we aim to analyze and define the different branches of administrative law that emerge in the international context, particularly those regulating legal situations established between staff members and international organizations. Following the analysis of the international civil servants legal status and the study of the administrative structure of international organizations, represented by the Secretariat, we will concisely examine the right of access to justice of staff members, in terms of an effective judicial protection adapted to an international context. Thus, in order to provide a mechanism through which international civil servants can judicially scrutinize administrative decisions arising from labor disputes, international organizations should adopt their own internal justice systems. To be considered legitimate, these justice systems shall ensure a "fair trial" while dealing with administrative claims filed by staff members, in strict compliance with international human rights law. In fact, an internal justice system that does not comply with international principles of human rights, can lead to a fracture of the judicial immunity of international organizations, allowing jurisdiction to national tribunals which, until recently, had never been sought.
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Direito administrativo Direito internacional Função pública internacional Organizações internacionais Tribunais administrativos Teses de mestrado - 2018