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Parasitas gastrintestinais em equinos com aptidão de trabalho e desporto no distrito de Santarém, Portugal
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Resumo(s)
Este trabalho visa contribuir para uma melhor caracterização da prevalência parasitária no efetivo
equino de trabalho e desporto proveniente do distrito de Santarém, para além de permitir comparar
os achados parasitológicos entre aqueles dois grupos, traduzindo-se o mesmo numa mais-valia
pelo facto de trabalhos sobre parasitas de equinos de trabalho/desporto não serem abundantes a
nível nacional ou internacional. A amostra estudada contemplou 76 animais distribuídos por 8
explorações. Destas, 4 englobaram animais cuja aptidão é o desporto (34 animais) e as restantes,
animais cuja vocação é o trabalho (42 animais). Realça-se que foram incluídos neste último grupo
os animais envolvidos no toureio equestre, atividade com grande destaque naquela região. A
maioria dos animais amostrados era da raça Lusitana (34,2%) e Cruzado Português (21,1%), na
sua maioria machos (69,7%) e com idades compreendidas entre os 3 e os 8 anos (60,6%). As
amostras fecais recolhidas foram enviadas para o laboratório de Parasitologia e Doenças
Parasitárias (LPDP) da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa (FMV-UL) e
submetidas a diversas técnicas coprológicas, nomeadamente, técnica de McMaster, Willis,
sedimentação natural e coprocultura. O número de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) médio dos
animais de trabalho (589), foi superior ao OPG dos animais de desporto (537), não tendo sido
verificada uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois grupos mediante realização
do teste T-student (p=0,831). Existe, para os animais alvo deste estudo, uma correlação negativa
entre a idade e valor de OPG, com uma tendência para que a gravidade da eliminação de ovos
esteja inversamente relacionada com a idade do animal. Verificou-se ainda uma associação
estatisticamente significativa entre o OPG e o sexo feminino, o que poderá ser justificado pela
média de idades das fêmeas ser inferior à dos machos (5 e 7,5 anos, respetivamente) e pelo facto
de uma maior proporção de fêmeas ter acesso à pastagem (34,8%, por oposição a 18,9% no caso
dos machos) o que se traduz, potencialmente, numa maior exposição a formas infetantes
existentes na pastagem. De acordo com as informações prestadas durante o inquérito
epidemiológico, os proprietários dos animais de trabalho aplicam em média 2 tratamentos AH (antihelmínticos)
anuais, enquanto os proprietários dos animais de desporto aplicam em média 3
tratamentos. Em relação aos resultados das coproculturas, verificaram-se 47 animais positivos
(61,8%) e 29 negativos (38,2%). Quanto aos géneros e espécies determinados pela identificação
das L3, diagnosticaram-se nemátodes do género Cyathostomum, s.l., tendo-se registado a sua
presença em todos os animais com uma coprocultura positiva (61,8%) e uma abundância de
81,2%. Este género divide-se em 8 morfotipos larvares, sendo, neste estudo, o morfotipo mais
abundante o tipo A (31,6%), seguido do tipo D (23,8%), C (22,1%), G (19,5%), E (1,4%) e F (0,6%).
Foram ainda observadas larvas de outros géneros/espécies com as seguintes prevalências:
Oesophagodontus robustus (6,6%), Triodontophorus spp. (3,9%), Triodontophorus serratus
(3,9%), Strongylus vulgaris (2,6%), Poteriostomum sp. (2,6%), Craterostomum acuticaudatum
(1,3%) e Gyalocephalus capitatus (1,3%). Neste trabalho apenas um animal, uma poldra com um
ano de idade, foi positivo à presença de ovos de Parascaris sp. (prevalência da parascariose nesta
faixa etária foi de 16,7% com uma prevalência global de 2,6%). Foram ainda detetados pela
primeira vez em Portugal ovos de Fasciola hepatica num cavalo com 6 anos de idade. O animal
não exibia qualquer sinal clínico, pelo que os ovos eliminados nas fezes permitiram fazer o
diagnóstico da infeção através da técnica de sedimentação natural.
ABSTRACT - GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITISM IN WORKING AND SPORT EQUINES FROM SANTAREM, PORTUGAL - This research aims to contribute to a better characterization of gastrointestinal parasitism in sport and working equines from Santarem. In addition to allowing the comparison of the parasitological findings between those two groups, since there’s a lack of parasitological information regarding these two horse groups, both nationally and internationally, besides being of great interest to pursue more information at local level. The studied sample included 76 animals spread over 8 farms. Of these, 4 encompassed sport animals (34 animals) and the remaining 4, working animals (42 animals), having been included in the latter group bullfight horses, activity which is the highlight of the region. Most of the sampled animals were purebred Lusitano (34,2%) and Portuguese crossed (21,1%), mostly males (69,7%) with ages comprising of 3 to 8 years old (60,6%). Collected fecal samples were sent to the laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases (LPDP) at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (MV-UL) and subjected to various coprologic techniques, namely, McMaster technique, Willis flotation, natural sedimentation and faecal culture. Working horses showed an average higher EPG (eggs per gram of feces) (589) compared to sport horses (537), however has not been verified a statistically significant difference between these two groups according to the T student test (p = 0.831). Age is negatively correlated with EPG, with a tendency for the severity of egg shedding being inversely related to the animal’s age. There was also a statistically significant association between EPG and female gender, which may be explained by the fact average females are younger than males (5 and 7,5 years old, respectively) and that females in a higher proportion than males have access to pasture and face an increased risk of being exposed to infective forms (34,8% of females compared to 18,9% of males). According to the information provided by owners in the epidemiological survey, working animals are dewormed on average 2 times per year, and sport animals 3 times per year. Faecal cultures were also performed to identify L3and 47 animals in this study were positive (61,8%) and 29 were negative (38,2%). The most abundant larvae found belonged to the Cyathostomum sensu latum genus, present in all of the positive fecal cultures, registering an abundance of 81,2%. This genus is divided into 8 larval morphotypes, and in this study, the most abundant morphotype was type A (31,6%), followed by the type D (23,8%), C (22,1%) G (19,5%), E (1,4%) and F (0,6%). Were also observed several other larvae, namely Oesophagodontus robustus (6.6% of abundance), Triodontophorus spp. (3.9%), Triodontophorus serratus (3.9%), Strongylus vulgaris (2.6%), Poteriostomum sp. (2.6%), Craterostomum acuticaudatum (1.3%) and Gyalocephalus capitatus (1.3%). In this research only one animal, a filly with one-year-old, was positive for the presence of ascarid eggs (with an overall prevalence of 1,3% and a prevalence of 16,7% in juvenile horses) It was also detected for the first time in Portugal Fasciola hepatica eggs in a 6 years old horse. The animal did not exhibit any clinical signs, being the eggs eliminated in the faeces by adult stages in the liver, allowing the diagnosis of infection by natural sedimentation technique.
ABSTRACT - GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITISM IN WORKING AND SPORT EQUINES FROM SANTAREM, PORTUGAL - This research aims to contribute to a better characterization of gastrointestinal parasitism in sport and working equines from Santarem. In addition to allowing the comparison of the parasitological findings between those two groups, since there’s a lack of parasitological information regarding these two horse groups, both nationally and internationally, besides being of great interest to pursue more information at local level. The studied sample included 76 animals spread over 8 farms. Of these, 4 encompassed sport animals (34 animals) and the remaining 4, working animals (42 animals), having been included in the latter group bullfight horses, activity which is the highlight of the region. Most of the sampled animals were purebred Lusitano (34,2%) and Portuguese crossed (21,1%), mostly males (69,7%) with ages comprising of 3 to 8 years old (60,6%). Collected fecal samples were sent to the laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases (LPDP) at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (MV-UL) and subjected to various coprologic techniques, namely, McMaster technique, Willis flotation, natural sedimentation and faecal culture. Working horses showed an average higher EPG (eggs per gram of feces) (589) compared to sport horses (537), however has not been verified a statistically significant difference between these two groups according to the T student test (p = 0.831). Age is negatively correlated with EPG, with a tendency for the severity of egg shedding being inversely related to the animal’s age. There was also a statistically significant association between EPG and female gender, which may be explained by the fact average females are younger than males (5 and 7,5 years old, respectively) and that females in a higher proportion than males have access to pasture and face an increased risk of being exposed to infective forms (34,8% of females compared to 18,9% of males). According to the information provided by owners in the epidemiological survey, working animals are dewormed on average 2 times per year, and sport animals 3 times per year. Faecal cultures were also performed to identify L3and 47 animals in this study were positive (61,8%) and 29 were negative (38,2%). The most abundant larvae found belonged to the Cyathostomum sensu latum genus, present in all of the positive fecal cultures, registering an abundance of 81,2%. This genus is divided into 8 larval morphotypes, and in this study, the most abundant morphotype was type A (31,6%), followed by the type D (23,8%), C (22,1%) G (19,5%), E (1,4%) and F (0,6%). Were also observed several other larvae, namely Oesophagodontus robustus (6.6% of abundance), Triodontophorus spp. (3.9%), Triodontophorus serratus (3.9%), Strongylus vulgaris (2.6%), Poteriostomum sp. (2.6%), Craterostomum acuticaudatum (1.3%) and Gyalocephalus capitatus (1.3%). In this research only one animal, a filly with one-year-old, was positive for the presence of ascarid eggs (with an overall prevalence of 1,3% and a prevalence of 16,7% in juvenile horses) It was also detected for the first time in Portugal Fasciola hepatica eggs in a 6 years old horse. The animal did not exhibit any clinical signs, being the eggs eliminated in the faeces by adult stages in the liver, allowing the diagnosis of infection by natural sedimentation technique.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Cavalos de trabalho e desporto parasitas gastrintestinais estrongilídeos F. hepatica prevalência desparasitação anti-helmínticos Sport and working Horses gastrointestinal parasites strongyles F. hepatica prevalence deworming anthelmintics
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Ferreira, M. S. (2016). Parasitas gastrintestinais em equinos com aptidão de trabalho e desporto no distrito de Santarém, Portugal. Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Lisboa.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária